Deformities that affect the immature spinal column can be associated with congenital abnormalities that affect multiple organ systems or can lead to acquired medical problems and morbidity as the child grows or while the spinal deformity is being treated. Presented in this article are the various associated conditions that can either appreciably affect the health of a child with a spinal deformity or adversely affect the outcome of conservative or surgical treatment of the spinal deformity. At the same time as the spine is forming during fetal development, many other body-organ systems are also forming. An insult to the fetus that affects the spine often affects other body systems as well. Syndromes that are associated with spinal deformity often have multiple organ-system involvement. The effects of spinal deformity alone may lead to organ-system failures, such as the pulmonary compromise that can occur secondary to severe thoracic spinal deformity. Abnormal collagen formation is another mechanism of multiorgan failure that is often associated with spinal deformity. An example of a syndrome that can affect other body-organ systems is Marfan syndrome, in which the aortic root slowly dilates over time, leading to aortic insufficiency and the eventual heart failure that is often the cause of death in patients with this syndrome1. Because the number of entities that cause scoliosis is large, the organ system abnormalities and their causes will be discussed separately in this article, with the diagnostic causes listed or discussed under each area. The most common abnormalities and diagnoses have been discussed, although these by no means represent an exhaustive review of this very extensive topic. Spinal deformities are often associated with cardiac anomalies. These cardiac anomalies may require treatment at the time of the initial diagnosis, or they may affect the decision to correct a spinal deformity surgically …

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01 Dec 1998·Journal of Emergency NursingQ3 · MEDICINE

Integration of holistic nursing care in the treatment of asthma: A case study

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