Background:Recently, progress has been made toward understanding the efficiency of polymer composites with natural fibres. With the hope of enhancing the characteristics of polymer composites supplemented with natural fibres in a watery environment, TiO2 nanoparticles have been used to improve their performance in the field.Methods:These nanoparticles were filled in luffa-epoxy components at 1, 3, and 5% volume fractions. A combination of x-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was utilized to conduct the structural examinations. The nanoparticle spread was captured by field emission scanning electron microscopy.Results:Results show that dry nanocomposite's tensile strength and modulus have increased by 74% and, 13%, 137%, and 50% compared with epoxy and 40 vol% luffa-epoxy (E/L) composites, respectively. In wet nanocomposites, maximum reduction in tensile strength and modulus were observed as 27.4% and 16.54%, respectively. The diminished water absorption and thickness swelling percentage of nanocomposites were recorded as 98% and 91.8%, respectively. The onset temperature of these nanocomposites was scattered in the range of 379-393°C, with a maximum char residue of 38%.Conclusion:The increase in the percentage of residue indicates the effectiveness of epoxy's flame retardant, improved thermal stability, diminished water absorption (approximately 2%), and 95% retention of wet composites' tensile properties. These results provided data support for improving the application of nanocomposites in the automobile field and to develop possible patents on the new material development.

01 Dec 2025·Journal of Tribology

High-Temperature Wear Behavior of (TiN + TiC)/TC4 Hybrid Nanocomposite Cladding Deposited on TC4 Alloy Substrate by Tungsten Inert Gas Cladding Process

Author: Rao, Thella Babu ; Krishna, A. Gopala ; Rama Krishna, K.

AbstractThis study presents the fabrication and evaluation of (TiN + TiC)/TC4 hybrid nanocomposite cladding on TC4 titanium alloy substrates using a gas tungsten arc cladding process. Microstructural investigations using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of denser claddings featuring both TiC and TiN reinforcement phases, along with intermetallic compounds such as AlN and Ti2N. Microhardness testing revealed a significant improvement in clad layer hardness reaching approximately 1100 HV compared to the substrate's 350 HV. This enhanced hardness translated into superior wear resistance. Pin-on-disc wear tests performed from room temperature up to 500 °C have shown the wear-rate acceleration with the temperature, particularly from 300 °C due to thermal softening, oxidation, and tribological changes. At 500 °C, abrasive wear, oxidative wear, and delamination were dominant. The wear resistance decreased by 375.7% compared to room temperature, with reductions of 183% and 259.7% at 100 °C and 300 °C, respectively. This highlights the critical role of dual TiN–TiC reinforcement in maintaining wear resistance at 300 °C. However, at 500 °C, elevated oxidation and matrix softening increased the coefficient of friction until 100 m of sliding distance, where stabilization occurred. Hybrid ceramic reinforcement improved abrasive wear resistance and limited oxidation wear by reducing tribo-oxide formation up to 300 °C. This enhancement in abrasive wear resistance further led to a change in wear mechanisms from two-body to three-body abrasion. Adhesion and delamination wear were more prominent at lower sliding velocities and elevated temperatures due to matrix softening and increased material transformation into debris. TiC and TiN reinforcement particulates improved wear resistance at high temperatures by mitigating softening effects and enhancing load-bearing capacity. The constructed wear mechanism maps described clear performance windows, providing a robust framework for selecting optimal parameters to enhance the wear performance and improve the operational lifespan of hybrid composite claddings in demanding tribological environments.

01 Aug 2025·Applied Radiation and Isotopes

Thermoluminescence properties of lithium barium borate glass doped with Vanadium, Samarium and Dysprosium for dosimetry

Article

Author: Bindu, P Hima ; Kumar, B Ajay ; Sabtu, Siti Norbaini ; Abdul Sani, S F ; Arifin, Zaenal ; Bradley, D A ; Almugren, K S ; Nor Ihsan, N S Mohd ; Nawi, S N Mat

This study investigates the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of lithium barium borate (LBB) glasses doped with Vanadium (V), Samarium (Sm), and Dysprosium (Dy) to evaluate their dosimetric potential under 6 MV photon irradiation at doses ranging from 2 to 10 Gy. The analysis focuses on glow curves, dose-response linearity, and sensitivity in both undoped and doped samples. Dopant concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 mol% were investigated to determine their impact on TL properties. While undoped LBB exhibits high sensitivity at elevated doses (350 nC/mg at 10 Gy), its variability in linearity (R² = 0.8627) and sensitivity limits its practical use. Doping at optimized concentrations enhances these properties, refining the glass matrix for improved dosimetric performance. V-doped LBB at 1.0 mol% demonstrates exceptional sensitivity and strong TL responses (87 nC/mg at 10 Gy, R² = 0.9257), particularly in high-dose applications. Sm-doped LBB at 0.4 mol% provides a well-balanced profile, with improved linearity (R² = 0.9357) and consistent high TL intensity across all tested doses (119 nC/mg at 10 Gy). Dy-doped LBB at 1.0 mol% exhibits stable and reliable TL performance (105 nC/mg at 10 Gy, R² = 0.9482) across both low and high doses, ensuring precise and reproducible dosimetry. The results indicate that doping enhances the linear correlation between dose and TL response, refining the dosimetric capabilities of LBB glasses by improving sensitivity, stability, and dose-response consistency. These findings establish doped LBB glasses as promising candidates for accurate and versatile radiation dosimetry applications.

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