The authors determined direct and indirect indexes of d., such as ultrasonic velocity, fermentation exotherm, carbon dioxide evolution, and gravity, during beer manufacture and applied these parameters for monitoring the fermentation process.

Monograph - European Brewery Convention

The use of ultrasonics for in-line measurement in beer and wort

Author: Forrest, I. S.

A review with 24 referencesUltrasonic measurement of sound velocity has many applications in brewing.The instrument is externally mounted, thus easily retrofitted, is of low cost and is stable.It is especially suited to hazardous material, or when hygiene is paramount.It is easily calibrated, even with the non-linear functions required for large concentration and temperature ranges.It has been applied to measurement of wort gravity from the lauter tun (± 0.25°P), and the signal used to control run-off.It has been applied to copper evaporation (± 0.1 %), and interface and bubble detection.Brewery trials with a wide range of ales and lagers showed that sound velocity could measure alc. to ± 0.35 % vol/vol, and OG to ± 0.4°P.The error includes contributions from the variation in carbonation and apparent attenuation.The accuracy was significantly improved by sep. calibrations for individual products.The effect of the uncontrolled variables could also be reduced by combining sound velocity with refractive index to give alc. to ± 0.05 % volume/volume and OG to ± 0.025°P on individual products.

Cerevisia

The use of ultrasonics for in-line measurement in beer and wort

Author: Forrest, I.S.

Application of ultrasonic measurement of sound velocity in brewing for anal. of composition and fermentation parameters is described.The instrument is externally mounted, thus easily retrofitted, is of low cost, stable and robust.It is especially suited to hazardous material, or when hygiene is paramount, and it is easily calibrated, even with the non-linear functions required for large concentration and temperature ranges.It was applied to measurement of wort gravity from the Lauter Tun (± 0.25°P), and the signal used to control run-off.It was applied to copper evaporation (± 0.1%), and interface and bubble detection.Brewery trials with a wide range of ales and lagers showed that sound velocity could measure alc. to ± 0.35% volume/volume, and OG to ± 0.4°P.This error includes contributions from the variation in carbonation and apparent attenuation.The accuracy was significantly improved by sep. calibrations for individual products.The effect of the uncontrolled variables could also be reduced by combining sound velocity with refractive index to give alc. to ± 0.05% volume/volume and OG to ± 0.025°P on individual products.

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