A review with many references on thermal processes using residual wastes, including incinerators, gasification, pyrolysis, and power plants.Experiences with the utilization of fuel substitutes in power plants, cement works, and iron and steel industry are reported and discussed with respect to the potential utilization of high-calorific fractions produced by mech.-biol. waste treatment.Combustion and cocombustion in grate firings, dust firing, smelt firing, dry firing, fluidized-bed firing for different wastes are described.