The development and optimization of a purification process of monoclonal antibodies based on two continuous chromatography steps for capture and intermediate purification are presented. The two chromatography steps were individually optimized using either batch chromatography or sequential multicolumn chromatography (SMCC). Proprietary simulation software was used to optimize SMCC and to evaluate the potential gains compared with batch chromatography. The SMCC recipes provided by the simulation software were evaluated experimentally. A good correlation was found between the simulated results and experimental observations. Significant gains were observed on the productivity, buffer consumption and the volume of resin required for SMCC over batch chromatography. Based on these results, a chained process from the capture to polishing steps was implemented. This chained process demonstrated significantly better performance compared with the batch equivalent while satisfying the specifications. The expected positive impact provided by implementing continuous chromatography is also discussed.

15 Oct 2003·Biochemical JournalQ3 · BIOLOGY

Inhibition of human ornithine decarboxylase activity by enantiomers of difluoromethylornithine

Q3 · BIOLOGY

Article

Author: SHANNON, Patrick ; STRINGER, David E. ; YAMAUCHI, Phillip ; IGNATENKO, Natalia A. ; LEVENSON, Corey ; PERRIN, Scott ; QU, Ning ; GERNER, Eugene W.

Racemic difluoromethylornithine (d/l-DFMO) is an inhibitor of ODC (ornithine decarboxylase), the first enzyme in eukaryotic polyamine biosynthesis. d/l-DFMO is an effective anti-parasitic agent and inhibitor of mammalian cell growth and development. Purified human ODC-catalysed ornithine decarboxylation is highly stereospecific. However, both DFMO enantiomers suppressed ODC activity in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. ODC activity failed to recover after treatment with either l- or d-DFMO and dialysis to remove free inhibitor. The inhibitor dissociation constant (KD) values for the formation of enzyme–inhibitor complexes were 28.3±3.4, 1.3±0.3 and 2.2±0.4 μM respectively for d-, l- and d/l-DFMO. The differences in these KD values were statistically significant (P<0.05). The inhibitor inactivation constants (Kinact) for the irreversible step were 0.25±0.03, 0.15±0.03 and 0.15±0.03 min−1 respectively for d-, l- and d/l-DFMO. These latter values were not statistically significantly different (P>0.1). d-DFMO was a more potent inhibitor (IC50~7.5 μM) when compared with d-ornithine (IC50~1.5 mM) of ODC-catalysed l-ornithine decarboxylation. Treatment of human colon tumour-derived HCT116 cells with either l- or d-DFMO decreased the cellular polyamine contents in a concentration-dependent manner. These results show that both enantiomers of DFMO irreversibly inactivate ODC and suggest that this inactivation occurs by a common mechanism. Both enantiomers form enzyme–inhibitor complexes with ODC, but the probability of formation of these complexes is 20 times greater for l-DFMO when compared with d-DFMO. The rate of the irreversible reaction in ODC inactivation is similar for the l- and d-enantiomer. This unexpected similarity between DFMO enantiomers, in contrast with the high degree of stereospecificity of the substrate ornithine, appears to be due to the α-substituent of the inhibitor. The d-enantiomer may have advantages, such as decreased normal tissue toxicity, over l- or d/l-DFMO in some clinical applications.

Simulated moving bed (S.M.B.):Some possible applications for biotechnology.

Author: Nicoud, R. M. ; Espie, G. W.

An overview of the application of SMB technol. in biosepns. with reference to examples from oligosaccharide separations, desalting using a variety of mechanisms, protein purifications, separation of ionic mols. such as lysine, betaine or L-glutathione as well as examples of chiral separations and other compounds considered to belong in the biotechnol. area(phytol, fatty acids etc.)The speed of method development coupled with a high degree of probable success will be discussed and the drastic reduction in eluent consumption and significantly increased production capacity will also be covered.The application of SMB technol. raises several points of interest which will be covered, such as flow rate control of SMB systems, reduced sensitivity to theor. plate variations, and the continuous nature of SMB with relevance to batch definition and quality control.

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