National Geophysical Research Institute

Industrial pollution in groundwater has become an essential health concern because of its life-threatening health impacts on humans.To examine the hydro-geochem. processes controlling groundwater chem. in Peenya Industrial Area (PIA), Bangalore city, 65 groundwater samples were collected during July 2016, Jan. 2017, and August 2017 to analyze major ions using Flame-photometer, UV-Spectrophotometer and standard titration methods.The main aim of this study was to categorize the groundwater quality due to improper discharges of industrial effluents (solid and liquid) and the health risk assessment of the local community using this groundwater for daily use.It observes that the nitrate varied from 21 to 461 mg/L (July 2016), 1.01 to 121.7 mg/L (Jan. 2017), and 1.4 to 110 mg/L (August 2017).The maximum samples exceed the threshold values (>45 mg/L).Industrial activities and water-rock interactions are the major factors controlling groundwater chem.The pollution risks through the Water Quality Index (WQI), Pollution Index of Groundwater (PIG), Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI), Pollution Loads (%), Revelle Index (RI) and Cumulative Probability (CP) strongly suggest that groundwater in PIA is control of mixing with industrial effluent discharges.Health risk to people through ingestion by computing chronic dose index (CDI), hazardous quotient (HQ), and health-hazardous index (HHI).Most groundwater samples show HHI gt1, indicating its unsuitability and causing health effects.The maximum non-carcinogenic risk value for nitrate is 10.31 for adults and 15.07 for children during July 2016; 2.72 for adults and 3.97 for children during Jan. 2017; 2.46 for adults and 3.60 for children during August 2017.Therefore, proper planning for mitigation is required to reduce exposure to save future generations.This study will bring awareness to minimising and treating the groundwater before use.

Glass beads laid on the road, mainly used for better visibility, can contribute to harmful anthropogenic waste to the marine environment, and it is a prerequisite to distinguish the chemical properties associated with it. This is the first systematic approach and evaluation of the toxic and non-toxic characteristics of the glass beads from the Indian coastal region (Goa state), which originated from the wearing of road paint over a period. Glass beads ranging from a few hundred to ~ 1000 µm were found on various beaches far from the roadside throughout the coastal state. Examination of these glass beads revealed the possible contribution of toxic elements such as arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, and barium beyond the global regulatory limit. Mercury and other analyzed elements are within acceptable limits. However, a quantitative assessment of their environmental impact indicates that glass beads can impact the marine ecosystem and increase the background level of environmental pollutants.

The enrichment of heavy metals and mixing with groundwater resources, which makes a serious threat to human health and the environment.The present study was conducted to determine the enrichment of heavy metals in groundwater, geochem. modeling, and to estimate the probable health risks (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic) of a coal mining region, in eastern India.The relative abundance of mean heavy metal concentration was in the order of Fe > Zn > Al > Ba > Mn > Sr > Ni > Ag > Cu > Pb > V > Cr > Co > Cd, and are within the WHO standards limits for drinking water values.Groundwater shows pH values as generally acidic to alk. in nature, while Eh values indicate an oxidising environment.Principal component anal. indicates, metal concentration in the groundwater to be mainly derived from the geogenic sources and in-situ leaching of mine overburden materials.Hydrogeochem. modeling indicates heavy metals are in supersaturation to near neutral state in the groundwater with oxide and carbonate mineral phases.Based on (HPI), and (HEI) values, the majority of groundwater samples are low to moderately contaminated.The health risk assessment model based on hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) values show few groundwater samples as crossing the reference limit and have non-carcinogenic health risks for both children and adults.The study identifies the chem. characterization and potential health risks due to the presence of heavy metals in the groundwater of the coal mining region.