China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd.

A large amount of tobacco product waste is discarded directly, resulting in a waste of resources and environmental issues.Nicotine is a natural organic compound found in tobacco waste.As an important substance in treating neurol. disorders, it is of high market value.Pyrolytic and supercritical fluid extraction is a method to extract nicotine from tobacco waste.We used the orthogonal exptl. method to optimize the pyrolysis process of tobacco waste and found the optimal pyrolysis conditions to be the temperature of 450°C, time of 3 h, and catalyst ratio of 1:1.5.The math. model of extraction conditions and extraction rate of supercritical fluid extraction was established with R2 = 0.9884.This model showed that the extraction rate of nicotine could reach as high as 70.53%.The optimal conditions for nicotine extraction included the entraining agent concentration of 70%, temperature of 45°C, pressure of 30 MPa, and time of 2 h.We also carried out response surface anal. to explore the relationship between extraction conditions and the extraction rate.According to our findings, entrainer concentration has a strong relationship with pressure.Ethanol can alter the microstructure of the substrate, increasing its porosity and thus reducing the embedding or adsorption depth of the nicotine mols.As a result, the nicotine extraction efficiency is improved.Compared with traditional nicotine extraction process, the pyrolysis and supercritical fluid extraction has a higher extraction efficiency and less pollution.

The optimization of boiler low nitrogen conversion technol., intelligent phase change control and thermal management are studied from the perspective of compound neural network prediction and optical image anal.Firstly, the application concept of optical imaging technol. based on compound neural network prediction technol. is described in detail.Then, a prediction model of boiler NOx emission based on compound neural network is established, and the key characteristic parameters extracted are trained by using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) technol. and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network as input data.Finally, based on the prediction model, a practical transformation strategy of low nitrogen boiler is created, and the model is comprehensively evaluated.This strategy aims to control nitrogen oxides under the min. emission concentration limit.The results show that the average failure rate of other traditional models is 40% and the lowest failure rate is 20%, while the highest and lowest failure rates of the model developed in this paper are about 11% and 6% resp.Compared with the established tech. methods, the research presented has a significant improvement in performance.In addition to promoting the development of environmental governance, this paper also provides support for the optimization of energy management technol.

Ethyl vanillin, a key flavoring agent in tobacco, but its impact on nicotine pharmacokinetics and neurotransmitters relearse remains poorly understood.

Nicotine-administeted Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with vehicle or 1.0 mg/kg ethyl vanillin. Nicotine and its metabolite in blood and brain were quantified using real-time microdialysis coupled with HPLC-MS/MS. Compared to the Nicotine-only group, which showed a C_max of 152.07 ng mL^-1 and an AUC_(0-300 min) of 14.64 μg min·mL^-1, co-administration with ethyl vanillin significantly elevated blood nicotine levels, increasing the C_max and AUC_(0-300 min) to 294.23 ng mL^-1 and 24.74 μg min·mL^-1, respectively. Molecular docking analysis revealed ethyl vanillin exhibits stronger binding affinity with cytochrome P4502A6 (CYP2A6) compared to nicotine. Additionally, ethyl vanillin had minimal impact on nicotine-induced dopamine and γ-aminobutyric acid release in the nucleus accumbens.

This study demonstrated that ethyl vanillin increassed nicotine concentration in rat blood but had minimal impact on neurotransmitter release or brain nicotine levels. Ethyl vanillin exhibits stronger binding affinity with CYP2A6 compared to nicotine. These findings offer new insights into the pharmacokinetic and neurobiological effects of ethyl vanillin in tobacco products.