Northern Borders University

p-Aminobenzoic acid chitosan/CuONPs (ACs/CuONPs) composites, developed using chitosan (Cs) and its grafted form (ACs), proved to be efficient, eco-friendly catalysts for synthesizing novel bisthiazole and bisthiadiazole derivativesThese composites offered advantages such as enhanced surface area, thermal stability, and high yields under mild reaction conditions, outperforming traditional TEA.Their robustness was evident in their reusability over multiple cycles with minimal loss of efficiency.The bisthiazole and bisthiadiazole derivatives were synthesized using ultrasonic irradiation and characterized by IR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, and MS.Docking studies highlighted strong binding affinities with human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), with compounds and exhibiting the highest scores.In silico ADMET anal. confirmed favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, supporting their potential as lead therapeutic agents.In conclusion, ACs/CuONPs composites demonstrated excellent catalytic performance and sustainability, making them valuable for developing novel heterocyclic compounds with anticancer potential.

This study investigates enhancing mech. and microstructural properties in phosphate-activated geopolymer composites with glass fibers (GF) having different lengths (6-9 mm).Calcined kaolinitic clay (CKC) activated with 8 mol/L phosphoric acid serves as the precursor.Results show that flowability increases by 14.7 % with 3 mm fibers at higher dosages but decreases by 41.4 % and 32.8 % with 6 mm and 9 mm fibers due to entanglement.Compressive strength peaks at 43.2 MPa and 39.6 MPa with 6 mm and 9 mm GF at 1 % dosage, improvements of 12.8 % and 19.3 % vs. control, before porosity rises with higher dosages.SEM (SEM) with EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) confirms enhanced crack bridging and interlocking mechanisms without fiber degradationFuture research should focus on optimizing fiber lengths and dosages to further enhance both the strength and ductility of phosphate-activated geopolymer composites.

A review.A huge variety of drugs having varying therapeutic effects can be encapsulated into niosomes and delivered to patients in an efficient way.These nonionic vesicles form a double layer in fluid media, enhancing therapeutic effects and bioavailability.Niosomes can be prepared using various methods such as the Reverse Phase Evaporation Technique, Ether Injection Method, Bubble Method, Microfluidization, Hand Shaking Method, Sonication, Multiple Membrane Extrusion Method, and Niosome Formation from Proniosomes.Niosomes are used in various therapeutic applications, including targeting bioactive substances, neoplasia, diagnostic imaging and ophthalmic drug delivery system.Advancement in niosomes will results in the development of a smart-stimuli niosomal system that inhibits ovarian cancer cells, MCF10-A cells and MCF10-A cells by biofunctionalizing curcumin, with potential for more potent tumor-inhibitory effects.It can also lead to the formation of the thermo-responsive niosomes using Pluronic L64 and L64ox and development of nanosilica substrate for HER2-pos. breast cancer treatment.This review aims to analyze novel manufacturing techniques, factors influencing formation, and applications of niosomes in drug delivery, highlighting their stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery advantages.It also explores recent advancements, including smart-stimuli responsive systems and applications in disease treatment.