Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University

Three new nor-eremophilane sesquiterpenoids, namely nor-eremophilanol A-C (1-3), along with two known eremophilanes (4-5), were isolated from the culture of the fungus Penicillium sp. L1 that was obtained from the surface of basalt fibre composite bars. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by a combined analysis of the 1D, 2D NMR, and HRMS spectroscopic data, and the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by the modified Mosher's method. The biosynthetic pathway leading to the nor-eremophilanes were proposed with the oxidative cleavage of the double bond as a key step. Compound 1 displayed antibacterial activities against the tested pathogenic bacteria.

The digital transformation of G20 economies presents unprecedented opportunities for addressing global climate challenges, yet the mechanisms through which digitization influences environmental outcomes remain insufficiently understood. This study examines how digitization affects environmental sustainability, measured by carbon emissions, across G20 nations using comprehensive panel data from 2005 to 2022. Employing two-way fixed effects models complemented by mediation and moderation analyses, we provide robust empirical evidence on the digitization-environment nexus. Our findings reveal four key insights: First, digitization significantly enhances environmental sustainability by reducing carbon emissions across G20 countries, with the effect remaining robust across multiple specifications and sensitivity tests. Second, technological innovation serves as a critical mediating mechanism, explaining how digitization translates into environmental benefits through enhanced innovation ecosystems, reduced knowledge diffusion costs, and accelerated development of clean technologies. Third, both fiscal decentralization and financial development act as positive moderators, amplifying digitization's carbon reduction effects by enabling more targeted local governance and improved access to green financing, respectively. Fourth, the environmental benefits of digitization exhibit pronounced heterogeneity, with economically developing nations experiencing substantially larger emission reductions compared to their advanced counterparts, suggesting greater potential for technological leapfrogging in sustainable development. These findings advance our theoretical understanding of digital-environmental interactions while providing actionable insights for policymakers seeking to leverage digital transformation for climate objectives. The study contributes to the growing literature on sustainable digitization by identifying specific pathways and contextual factors that determine the environmental effectiveness of digital technologies.

Pittosporum illicioides Makino, 1900, a member of the genus Pittosporum, is a traditional medicinal plant extensively used in the Yao ethnic regions of southern China. The complete chloroplast genome of P. illicioides was sequenced and assembled for the first time, with a length of 153,610 bp, comprising a large single-copy (LSC) region (84,915 bp), a small single-copy (SSC) region (18,727 bp), and a pair of inverted repeat (IRa and IRb) regions (24,984 bp each) separated by the LSC and SSC regions. A total of 128 genes were annotated, including 83 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Among these, ten genes contained a single intron, while two genes (clpP and ycf3) possessed two introns. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that P. illicioides is most closely related to Pittosporum tobira. This plastome enhances genomic resources for Pittosporum and serves as a valuable reference for plant identification.