The discovery of vitamins and human vitamin deficiency as manifested through the abnormal appearance of skin exemplifies the earliest scientific studies connecting dietary factors with the health of skin. In 1775 scurvy, a deficiency of vitamin C was described as a disease exhibiting a change of facial skin color to a pale bloated complexion, spots appearing on skin that ultimately developed into large ulcerating blotches. Juice from oranges, lemons, and limes were found to cure the disease. It was not until 1932 that ascorbic acid was identified as the curative agent in citrus fruits. Vitamin C in a stabilized form is formulated in cosmetic skin care products to treat fine lines and wrinkles and to promote a more even skin tone. Pellagra, another vitamin deficiency disease, is manifested with typical symptoms that include cutaneous skin lesions. In 1927 Dr. Joseph Goldberger realized that dried yeast was effective in treating the disease. Nicotinic acid and its derivatives were determined to be the active agents in yeast curing the disease. Niacinamide, a derivative of nicotinic acid is currently applied topically to even skin tone. More recently a study involving 177 Greek-born individuals living in Australia and 69 individuals living in Greece, 48 Anglo-Celtic Australians living in Melbourne and 159 Swedes living in Goteborg, Sweden was conducted to evaluate the correlation of diet and skin appearance. A correlation of pooled data suggested that less actinic skin damage may be correlated with a higher intake of vegetables, olive oil, fish and legumes and a low intake of sugar and dairy products. The use of molecular biological techniques developed during the human genome program has further improved our understanding of the mechanisms by which natural products either consumed orally or applied topically may impact the health of skin. Example mechanisms are reviewed in this chapter.

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