Author: Jayawardena, R S ; Fallahi, M ; Armand, A ; McKenzie, E H C ; Rathnayaka, A R ; Hyde, K D ; Absalan, S ; Khongphinitbunjong, K ; Taylor, P W J ; Al-Otibi, F ; Braun, U

This study aimed to identify fungal pathogens responsible for diseases affecting mango orchards and fruits in the primary mango-growing regions of northern Thailand, and to evaluate their pathogenicity against mango. Mango leaves, branches, and fruits showing fruit and leaf anthracnose, leaf spots, fruit rot, stem-end rot, fruit decline, leaf and stem blight, and shoot dieback were collected and examined from Chiang Rai, Kalasin, Nan, and Sakon Nakhon provinces located in northern Thailand. The isolated fungi were identified based on morphological characteristics and multi-locus phylogenetic analysis based on the most reliable markers and loci combinations suggested for each genus. This study illustrates and describes nine pathogenic genera, including eight known genera and one new genus, Pseudopallidocercospora. Botryosphaeria fabicerciana, Botryosphaeria scharifii, Colletotrichum asianum, Colletotrichum gigasporum, Colletotrichum guajavae, Colletotrichum musae, Colletotrichum plurivorum, Colletotrichum siamense, Diaporthe rosae, Diaporthe siamensis, Diaporthe subellipicola, Neofusicoccum sinoeucalypti, Neopestalotiopsis chrysea, Neopestalotiopsis cubana, Neopestalotiopsis dendrobii, Neopestalotiopsis psidii, Neopestalotiopsis rhododendri, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, Pestalotiopsis humicola and Pestalotiopsis menhaiensis were identified as known species. Five new species, including Neopestalotiopsis mangiferae, Neopestalotiopsis mangifericola, Neopestalotiopsis mangiferigena, Pseudopallidocercospora mangiferae, and Zasmidium mangiferae were fully illustrated and justified. Moreover, this study reports twelve globally new host-fungus occurrences and six new geographical records. Furthermore, pathogenicity assessment revealed that the majority of the isolates (91.6 %) were pathogenic against mango, while their virulence was significantly different. C. asianum was found to be the predominant pathogenic species with a frequency of 31.6 %. Haplotype networks generated using ITS sequence data for 220 C. asianum strains isolated from mango across 14 countries revealed eight haplotypes, indicating high genetic diversity (Hd = 0.5936) within the species. However, the analysis did not reveal a clear grouping of isolates based on their country of origin.

09 Apr 2025·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

Extending the Influence of Terroir through the Spontaneous Fermentation of Pinot Noir in the Vineyard: A Case Study of Greystone Vineyard Fermentation

Article

Author: Araujo, Leandro Dias ; Dhami, Manpreet ; On, Stephen ; Moukarzel, Romy ; Maxwell, Dom ; Zhang, Junwen ; Tian, Bin ; Wimalasiri, Pradeep

This study investigates the influence of vintage and fermentation environment on the microbial diversity, chemical composition, and volatile profiles of Pinot Noir wines, with a focus on comparing vineyard (outdoor) and winery (indoor) fermentations across two consecutive vintages, 2019 and 2020. Grapes were hand-harvested from a single vineyard and subjected to spontaneous fermentations in three tanks for each fermentation environment. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and PERMANOVA analyses revealed significant differences in fungal community composition between fermentation environments and vintages. Vineyard fermentations consistently exhibited higher levels of non-Saccharomyces yeasts during fermentation, which contributed to increased production of microbial-derived esters, such as hexyl acetate and isobutyl acetate. Winery fermentations, in contrast, showed higher concentrations of anthocyanins, contributing to enhanced color intensity and stability. Vintage effects were more evident than fermentation environment, with the 2019 vintage favoring higher concentrations of phenolics, anthocyanins, higher alcohols (e.g. isoamyl alcohol), and volatile phenols (e.g. guaiacol and eugenol), while the 2020 vintage enhanced the retention of esters and floral terpenes (e.g. linalool). These findings highlight the distinct wine styles achievable through vineyard and winery fermentations, as well as the interplay between climatic conditions and fermentation environment. This work provides novel insights into the potential of vineyard fermentations for expressing microbial terroir and offers practical strategies for optimizing wine production under varying climatic and site-specific conditions.

03 Apr 2025·New Zealand Journal of Zoology

The floral interface: a playground for interactions between insect pollinators, microbes, and plants

Author: Jones, E. Eirian ; Dhami, Manpreet K. ; Mas, Flore ; Kaiser, Clive ; Lignon, V. Aiko

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