An optical sensor for the rapid detection of detect leaks of oil, hydraulic fluids or leak detection chems. from underwater pipelines and risers is reported.The sensor is designed to be deployed on ROVs or AUVs for the rapid survey of underwater pipelines and risers.The system employs ultra-bright LEDs to project a sensing light beam into the water to allow real time detection of ppm concentration plumes of material leaking from pipelines or riser in real time.Typically the system is deployed on an ROV which inspects a pipeline at a height of 2-3m.

01 Sep 2006·Applied Surface Science

The application of Raman and anti-stokes Raman spectroscopy for in situ monitoring of structural changes in laser irradiated titanium dioxide materials

Author: Daniel McStay ; Stephanie J. Rigby ; Soo Keun Lee ; Ala H R Al-Obaidi ; Peter K J Robertson

The use of Raman and anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy to study the effect of exposure to high power laser radiation on the crystalline phases of TiO₂ was studied.Measurement of the changes, over several time integrals, in the Raman and anti-Stokes Raman of TiO₂ spectra with exposure to laser radiation is reported.Raman and anti-Stokes Raman provide detail on both the structure and the kinetic process of changes in crystalline phases in the TiO₂ material.The effect of laser exposure gave increasing amounts of the rutile crystalline phase from the anatase crystalline phase during exposure.The Raman spectra displayed bands at 144 cm^-1 (A1g), 197 cm^-1 (Eg), 398 cm^-1 (B1g), 515 cm^-1 (A1g), and 640 cm^-1 (Eg) assigned to anatase which were replaced by bands at 143 cm^-1 (B1g), 235 cm^-1 (2 phonon process), 448 cm^-1 (Eg) and 612 cm^-1 (A1g) which were assigned to rutile.Laser irradiation of TiO₂ changes the crystalline phase from anatase to rutile.Raman and anti-Stokes Raman are highly sensitive to the crystalline forms of TiO₂ and allow characterization of the effect of laser irradiation upon TiO₂.This technique would also be applicable as an in situ method for monitoring changes during the laser irradiation process.

Sac 99, Dublin, Ireland, July

Author: E. M. Bonsen ; J. Shaw ; Daniel McStay ; Peter K. J. Robertson ; Monica Backes ; Patricia Pollard

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