Exudates (DE) secreted from two shiitake mushroom mycelia (strains 1358 and L5458) were evaluated for their antioxidative properties and phenolic content. 1358DE and L5458DE showed distinct antioxidant activity in different in vitro assays, including scavenging activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide; the ability to chelate ferrous ions; reducing power; hemolysis inhibition activity in rat erythrocyte; and lipid peroxidation inhibition (IC50 values of 1358DE and L5458DE were 3.3 and 132.6; 44.5 and > 1000; 26.9 and 53.7; 153.6 and >175.0; 176.0 and 521.0; 26.7 and 746.4; 47.8 and 736.9; and 3.1 and > 1000 μg/mL, respectively). Their total phenolic content was 237.33 and 24.08 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g of dry DE, respectively. Overall, these results show that 1358DE generally possesses better antioxidant properties than L5458DE, possibly due to its larger total phenolic content. Shiitake mushroom mycelial exudates, particularly of 1358DE, could be a good source of natural antioxidants.

30 Sep 2008·Journal of the Fisheries Science and Technology

Authentication of Salted-dried Fish Species Using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism and Restriction Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA

Author: Chung, Hau Yin ; Chu, Kin Kan Astley ; Kim, Joo-Shin ; Kwan, Hoi Shan

Mol. techniques, including restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphisms (PCR-SSCP), were developed to identify salted, dried threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) and white herring (Ilisha elongata) fish.Using PCR with universal primers, conserved 367-bp fragments of the cytochrome b gene were amplified from fresh fish samples and sequenced.The sequences were then searched for specific restriction sites.The digestion of the PCR products with the endonucleases AvaI, FokI, MboII, and MspI generated RFLP, which was used to identify the com. products.Similarly, the amplified PCR-SSCP products were developed and the products tested.Overall, similar patterns were found in the majority of the fresh and processed products.Based on the results, both RFLP and PCR-SSCP were useful in determining and validating the authenticity of the fish species used to prepare the com. salted, dried products.A similar approach can be applied to other species.

30 Sep 2008·Journal of the Fisheries Science and Technology

Volatile Compounds Collected by Simultaneous Steam Distillation-Solvent Extraction from Hong Kong Salt-Dried Croakers

Author: Chung, Hau Yin ; Kim, Joo-Shin

We compared the quality and quantity of volatile components in salt-dried croakers prepared by different methods and obtained from different locations.In total, 110 compounds were found among regular- and delay-type salt-dried croakers purchased from two locations in Hong Kong.The major chem. classes included miscellaneous compounds (17), pyrazines (16), alcs. (15), and sulfur-containing compounds (13).Fish obtained in different locations but prepared by the same method differed only slightly in the number of identified compoundsIn general, fish prepared by the delay method had a larger number of compounds compared to fish prepared by the regular method.Further, a greater number and higher levels of compounds were found in the fish obtained from one of the two locations.Overall, the delay preparation method resulted in a greater number of compounds with stronger intensity compared to the regular method.

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