Applications for heat exchangers are many and include power plants, air conditioning, chemical and chemical engineering, and other scientific fields. The cost of materials and energy has increased recently, placing pressure on heat exchangers to become even more efficient. In mechanical design, this work proposes a hybrid method for heat transfer optimization and thermal analysis. The proposed hybrid method is the joint execution of both the Wild Horse Optimizer (WHO) and Multi Fidelity Deep Neural Network (MFDNN). It is hence known as the WHO–MFDNN approach. This proposed technique’s goal is to minimize the system’s overall operating costs while optimizing the system’s efficacy. The MFDNN technique is used to forecast the system’s ideal solution, while the proposed WHO approach is employed to minimize the system’s overall operating costs. By then, the proposed approach has been implemented into the MATLAB working platform, and the existing technique is used to compute the execution. In every system now in use, like Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Wild Border Collie Optimization (BCO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) the proposed approaches produce superior results. It concludes that the proposed method offers superior performance by achieving a cost of $40, converging in just 200 iterations, and requiring only 10 s of computational time, significantly outperforming existing methods with higher costs and longer convergence and computation times.

19 Feb 2025·Indian Journal Of Science And Technology

Effect of Fuel Injection Pressure Variations on Engine Performance-Emission-Particulate Matter with Diesel-Iso-Butanol-Nanoparticle Fuels in Compression Ignition Engine

Author: Srinivasan, D. R. ; Ayyappan, Kuppan

Background/Objective: Growing environmental concerns and the depletion of petroleum supplies have generated a lot of interest in alternate fuels. Made from renewable resources, biodiesel is one of the many useful and advantageous fuel alternatives to fossil fuels. The use of nanoparticles as fuel additives for internal combustion engines is now possible because to recent developments in nanotechnology. Previous research indicated that these substances could improve engine performance. This could lead to an increase in particulate matter released with the exhaust, which would have a negative impact on the quality of the air. This study investigates engine performance, emission properties, and size distribution of unregulated particulate matter (PM) released with exhaust gases. Methods: In this work, iso-butanol is proposed to be blended with Diesel along with aluminum oxide as a nano-additive 100 mg/L using Mechanical Strring method for 1 hour. Engine testing is conducted at fuel injection pressures of 180, 210, and 240 bar. To examine the performance, emission characteristics and particulate matter, a 4-stroke, single cylinder, direct-injection, 5-horsepower (3.5 kW) research Diesel engine was selected having a mass flow sensor, burette method, a dynamometer computerised data gathering system, a variety of sensors were used in the experiment to gather, store, and evaluate data (Internal Combustion engine software). Findings: Results indicated that blend B20 gives better results compare to other blends (B10, B30 and B40). In comparison to pure diesel fuel, the diesel/biodiesel blend combination produced 10–15 % less PM1, PM2.5, the Maximum brake thermal efficiency of Diesel(31.46 %), 180 bar(28.56 %), 210 bar(29.45 %), 240 bar (30.14 %). The maximum brake specific fuel consumption of Diesel(0.28 kg/kw-hr), 180bar(0.32 kg/kw-hr), 210 bar(0.31 kg/kw-hr), 240 bar(0.30 kg/kw-hr). The maximum of CO Diesel(0.22 %/vol), 180 bar (0.18 %/vol), 210 bar(0.14 %/vol), 240 bar(0.12 %of vol) as comparative of above values the blend B20 and injection pressure of 240bar shows smiliar to Diesel. Novelty: This study compares diesel and treated bio-diesel at different parameters: fuel injection pressures, break thermal efficiency, mechanical efficiency, and CO, HC, opacity, and particle matter. Keywords: Iso-butanol, Aluminum oxide, Fuel injection pressure, Engine performance, Emission characteristics

01 Feb 2025·Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery

Characterization of PVA composites for EMI shielding using waste jackfruit husk biocarbon and Plectranthus amboinicus extracted cobalt nanoparticle

Author: Kumar, D. Sendil ; Verma, Rajesh ; Balamuruga Mohan Raj G ; Prakash, G. ; Raffiunnisa ; Srinivasan, D. R. ; Nagabhooshanam, Nagarajan

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of flexible polyvinyl alc. (PVA) composites enriched with jackfruit biocarbon (JFBC) and cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) for potential electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications.The cobalt nanoparticles were extracted from Plectranthus amboinicus using the thermo-chem. method.The composites were fabricated using a solution casting method, and their mech., dielec., magnetic, and EMI shielding properties were comprehensively investigated.Mech. anal. revealed that the incorporation of JFBC and CoNPs significantly enhanced the tensile strength of the PVA matrix.It is noted that PVB4 demonstrates the highest tensile strength among the composite designations, measuring at 63 MPa, along with an elongation percentage of 110.Similarly, composite designation PVB6 delivers higher dielec. properties, thus varying the JFBC and CoNP content, making them suitable for EMI shielding applications.Moreover, the magnetic characterization demonstrated that the inclusion of CoNPs imparted magnetic properties to the composites of about 445.56x10^-6 emu of saturation magnetization.Similarly, EMI shielding tests resulted remarkable EMI shielding effectiveness for PVB6 and exhibit 46.8 dB for the E band and 53.1 dB for the F band, resp.Thus, the synergistic effect of JFBC and CoNPs within the flexible PVA matrix presents a promising avenue for the development of lightweight, flexible, and environmentally friendly EMI shielding materials.

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