This paper describes the state of development for false-twist texturing of thermoplastic continuous filament yarns. Supply yarn parameters are shown to significantly affect the textured product. Quantitative and qualitative information is given to describe these effects. The thermodynamic and crystallization rate parameters are presented for nylon 6, nylon 66, and polyethylene-terepthalate. Equations are given for calculation of temperature-time profiles in yarns during texturing. Both the fundamentals of twisting using spindle or friction twisters are summarized. The effect of process variables on twist distribution and crimp rigidity are presented. Finally, experiments are described which show how force-elongation curves for textured nylon 6 can be made similar to nylon 66. Recommendations for future work are discussed. Ways are needed to improve the dye uniformity and reduce barré from textured yarns in piece-dyed fabrics. More information should be reported on the effect of processing constants (tension and temperature gradients) on crystallization rate phenomena and structural changes during texturing. Basic information on the effect of yarn and process constants on friction twisting with the many commercial units needs reported. The final goal of this fundamental work should be a mathematical model, which rigorously describes the texturing process. With this model, yarn and machinery manufacturers could optimize their products more fully for the use of the texturing mills.

ACS Symposium Series

Microporous membranes via upper critical temperature phase separation

Author: Hiatt, W. C. ; Gerlach, K. ; Josefiak, C. ; Wagener, K. B. ; Vitzthum, G. H.

A review with 14 references on several aspects of the microporous membrane thermal phase-separation manufacturing process, membrane structural characteristics, and current applications, including a brief discussion on applications of the manufacturing process to polypropylene [9003-07-0] and poly(vinylidene fluoride) [24937-79-9] and a variety of solvents.

ACS Symposium Series

Electrically conductive membranes based on polyacetylene chemistry

Author: Wagener, Ken B.

Laminates of porous polymer substrates and polyacetylene were produced by first dipping the polymer substrate in a catalyst solution, allowing the solvent to evaporate, then polymerizing C₂H₂ on the polymer surface.C₂H₂ polymerized throughout the pore structure.The polymerization was done in an O- and H₂O-free environment, yielding porous laminates containing ≤43 weight% polyacetylene.Nonporous semicrystalline substrates will not accept nearly as much polyacetylene.The laminates retain the phys. properties of the substrate; i.e., the membrane properties are not altered.These laminate structures were doped with I₂ to give conductivities of 100-1000 Ω^-1cm^-1, whereas all of the polymers examined are by themselves insulators.The laminates should exhibit magnetic properties also.Doped polyacetylene, both in the pristine state and in laminate form, is sensitive to O and moisture.A 2-wk exposure of an I₂-doped laminate of microporous polypropylene and 18% polyacetylene causes a loss of ≤3 orders of magnitude of conductivity

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