The maximum theoretical carbon yield for the carbonisation of viscose fibres, which consist of the renewable resource cellulose, is 44%. In reality the carbon yield is just in the range of 20%. By chemical activation of viscose fibres, carbon yields of more than 30% were achieved along with a reduction of undesired tar formation by 75%. A further increase in carbon yield was realised by supplemental incorporation of carbon black into the cellulose matrix of the viscose fibres. The chemical activation did not change the state of chemical bonding of the carbon atoms and the supramolecular structure within the carbonised fibres. Also the fibre morphology remained unchanged in terms of shape of cross section and surface structure. However, activated viscose fibres delivered carbon fibres with a much higher specific surface area. Carbon fibres from activated viscose fibres provide a similar or even improved application potential as carbon fibres from standard viscose fibres.

01 Jun 2018·Cellulose

Size effects of viscose fibres and their unidirectional epoxy composites: application of least squares Weibull statistics

Author: Jörg Müssig ; Nina Graupner ; Sebastian Basel

This work examines size effects of ductile regenerated cellulose fibers (viscose) with different diameters (11.9, 16.6 and 48.4 μm) as well as their unidirectional epoxy composites reinforced with fiber mass fractions of 20, 30 and 40% (16, 25 and 34% in volume).Viscose fibers were tested at different clamping lengths ranging between 2 and 50 mm.Composites were produced in 2 different sizes (cross-sectional area of 6.3 and 41.2 mm²) and tested at different gage lengths (35 and 100 mm).It was investigated to what extent size effects affect the tensile strength and if the two-parameter least squares Weibull statistics may be used for the prediction of strength values when the sample volume of fibers or composites is changed.The results have shown that the Weibull theory is in principle applicable.It has been found that the prediction accuracy is only sufficient if the Weibull strength is determined on the basis of Weibull parameters determined at small sample volumes for the prediction of data measured with higher specific sample volumesIn this case, all calculated data are within the mean arithmetic deviation of the exptl. results.If, on the other hand, the prediction is based on parameters determined for larger sample volumes, a considerable overestimation of the strength data of samples having a smaller sample volume is the result.

01 May 2017·Reinforced Plastics

Carbonization of special viscose fibers

Author: Roland Scholz ; Daniela Bauer ; Denis Ingildeev ; Frank Hermanutz ; Antje Ota

The focus of the work was to clarify the influence of the cross section shape of the viscose fibers and additives on the carbonization process and the resulting carbon fiber properties. Overall, the shape of cross section of carbon fibers produced was determined by the initial fiber morphology of the precursor viscose fibers. The carbon yield was independent of the geometric structure of the viscose fibers and a certain degree of shrinkage was observed for all types of fibers due to the loss of water, hydrocarbons and other volatile products. Several additives, such as carbon black, a nitrogen containing carbohydrate and lignin, were homogenously incorporated into the precursor fiber and resulted in slight increase of the carbon yield. Carbon black particles became distinctive and visible on the surface of the carbon fibers. In particular, the thermal and chemical course of the carbonization was altered by the nitrogen containing additive, while the structure and properties of the carbonized fibers remained basically unchanged.

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