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Overview

While mainly used for reducing seizures in epileptic patients, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been implied to be capable of treating various other diseases. However, the therapeutic extent and control of neuromodulation for these conditions are still uncertain and are limited by the ability to predict neural activation responses upon targeting certain fascicles. Generally, VNS is administered through a bipolar helical cuff electrode implanted around the left vagus nerve. The electrode delivers pulses of electricity to the nerve to recruit axons. This work focuses on predicting percent activation and regions of activation based on different adjustable factors such as injected current amplitude and pulse width of stimuli and the activated region of the electrode. To achieve, a simplified finite element model was created using cylindrical geometries as nerve components with an addition of helical cuff electrodes. All of these components were encased in surrounding tissue with assumed properties similar to adipose. Electric potential distribution in the model was processed with an activating function defined along the axonal length which estimates the injected current at the nodes of Ranvier (NoR). These values were then enforced in the neuron simulation as a current clamp approximation applied at the NoR and the likelihood of an action potential was determined. Presence of action potentials were then detected to determine which axons were recruited in VNS. This preliminary work determined that electrode configurations can target specific fascicles in the nerve while amplitudes and pulse widths of stimuli contribute to the percentage of the nerve activated. This demonstrates the ability for patient-specific control over targeting fascicles. Additionally, this work presents initial steps to improving the model by using histological data to create a geometric-specific approach.

01 Jan 2021·Communications in Computer and Information Science

Cognitive Calculation Studied for Smart System to Lead Water Resources Management

Author: Qiang Yang ; Huajian Gou ; Jian Li ; Xiaohui Zou

This article aims to explore cognitive calculation studied for smart system to lead the innovative path of social development in the field of water resources management from an interdisciplinary perspective. The basic method steps are: first, the specific entry point of target management is defined as water resources information management; second, the water resources knowledge management is emphasized, and in particular, the eight kinds of knowledge system synergy management is emphasized; third, through software-assisted Cognitive Calculation Studied for Smart System to Lead Water Resources Management engineering practice for interpersonal and human-computer collaboration. Its significance lies in: taking advantage of the new opportunity of the second leap in human cognition, from a new perspective to explore how to apply the smart system studied ideas namely cognitive calculation studied for smart system to lead the innovative road of social development in the specific field of water resources management.

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Pipeline

Pipeline Snapshot as of 07 Nov 2024

The statistics for drugs in the Pipeline is the current organization and its subsidiaries are counted as organizations,Early Phase 1 is incorporated into Phase 1, Phase 1/2 is incorporated into phase 2, and phase 2/3 is incorporated into phase 3

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