Background: Normobaric oxygen therapy (NBO) is a widely used medical intervention aimed at enhancing oxygen delivery to tissues under atmospheric pressure. Recent studies have demonstrated its potential therapeutic benefits across various medical conditions, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, cardiovascular diseases, stress and mental disorders as well as wound healing.Aim of the study: This literature review aimed to summarize the biological mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and clinical outcomes of NBO exposures. Material and methods: A literature review was conducted, focusing on clinical trials, experimental studies, and narrative reviews discussing the biological mechanisms, therapeutic protocols, and outcomes. The search strategy focused on peer-reviewed and English-language publications from major medical and scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, covering the period from 2010 to 2025 to ensure a comprehensive and evidence-based synthesis. Results: NBO exerts its therapeutic effects through multiple pathways, including enhanced oxygenation, stimulation of erythropoiesis via the normobaric oxygen paradox, modulation of inflammatory pathways, and improvement of mitochondrial function. Clinical evidence supports its application in neurological rehabilitation, cardiovascular conditions, wound healing, and respiratory support. However, despite its therapeutic potential, the standardization of treatment protocols, optimization of dosing regimens, and assessment of long-term safety remain critical research gaps requiring further investigation.Conclusions: NBO presents a promising, non-invasive therapeutic approach with broad clinical applications. However, further large-scale randomized controlled trials are necessary to establish standardized guidelines, optimize dosing protocols, and evaluate long-term safety. Future research should also explore the integration of NBO into precision medicine and rehabilitation strategies.

01 Feb 2024·Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery

A proposed protocol for correlation between bone density in hemimandibular hyperplasia radiography and histopathological findings — A retrospective study

Article

Author: Kowalski, Przemysław ; Nelke, Kamil ; Morawska-Kochman, Monika ; Dobrzyński, Maciej ; Guziński, Maciej

The role of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in surgical planning can be assessed based on the correlation among bone density (BD/HU), radiographic values, and the histopathological appearance of hyperplastic overgrowth in mandibular condyles (hemimandibular hyperplasia/osteochondroma). The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between LDCT indices of bone-density measurements in surgical planning and histopathological specimens. The patients incuded in this study underwent detailed radiological evaluation as preparation for further clinical procedures. Excised condyles were evaluated in terms of bone density index using LDCT, and then histopathologically to investigate the accuracy of surgical procedures and set the basis for future surgical planning. An index value between both condyles' bone densities represented the relative difference between the healthy condyle and the side with hemimandibular hyperplasia (HH). Patients with unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH) showed a statistical correlation between condyle heads with increased bone density (BD) and scintigraphic (SCI) values (p < 0.001). On the other hand, correlation between BD and histopathological studies alone was significant (p < 0.001). With the increase in BD measured in HU in UCH condyles, the overall value of fibrous cartilage layer thickness decreased (p < 0.001). Furthermore, histopathological evaluation indicated that increased bone density on the UCH side resulted in increased total thickness (p > 0.001). The proposed index measurements in the mandibular condyles based on LDCT/BD can be used to estimate the degree of required surgical resection. Results from LDCT radiographic studies correlate with histopathological specimens more than scintigraphy.

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