Objective: To assess the antibacterial and antifungal activity in vitro of a patented Spirulina extract on sensitive and multidrug-resistant bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi commonly causing skin infections. Methods: The antimicrobial activity was tested using the drop dilution assay on the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (wildtype), a methicillin resistant S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, Streptococcus pyogenes, the Gram-negative multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the yeasts Candida albicans and C. tropicalis, and the dermatophytes Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum gypseum. Results: A concentration of 4 g of Spirulina extract per 100 mL of Mueller Hinton agar completely inhibited the growth of all tested bacteria and yeasts, and suppressed dermatophytes growth by 5 log10 units. Conclusion: The Spirulina extract tested could be used as an effective natural, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, with potential applications in the therapy of bacterial and fungal infectious diseases.

01 Jan 2016·Journal of Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyQ1 · MEDICINE

Calcium spirulan derived from Spirulina platensis inhibits herpes simplex virus 1 attachment to human keratinocytes and protects against herpes labialis

Q1 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Günther, Patrick ; Handke, Wiebke ; Gallo, Antonio ; Brune, Wolfram ; Reich, Kristian ; Schommartz, Tim ; Mader, Julia ; Nagel, Claus-Henning

BACKGROUNDChronic infections with herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 are highly prevalent in populations worldwide and cause recurrent oral lesions in up to 40% of infected subjects.OBJECTIVEWe investigated the antiviral activity of a defined Spirulina platensis microalga extract and of purified calcium spirulan (Ca-SP), a sulfated polysaccharide contained therein.METHODSThe inhibitory effects of HSV-1 were assessed by using a plaque reduction assay and quantitative PCR in a susceptible mammalian epithelial cell line and confirmed in human keratinocytes. Time-of-addition and attachment experiments and fluorescence detection of the HSV-1 tegument protein VP16 were used to analyze the mechanism of HSV-1 inhibition. Effects of Ca-SP on Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpes virus 8 replication and uptake of the ORF45 tegument protein were tested in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. In an observational trial the prophylactic effects of topically applied Ca-SP were compared with those of systemic and topical nucleoside analogues in 198 volunteers with recurrent herpes labialis receiving permanent lip makeup.RESULTSCa-SP inhibited HSV-1 infection in vitro with a potency at least comparable to that of acyclovir by blocking viral attachment and penetration into host cells. Ca-SP also inhibited entry of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpes virus 8. In the clinical model of herpes exacerbation, the prophylactic effect of a Ca-SP and microalgae extract containing cream was superior to that of acyclovir cream.CONCLUSIONThese data indicate a potential clinical use of Ca-SP containing Spirulina species extract for the prophylactic treatment of herpes labialis and suggest possible activity of Ca-SP against infections caused by other herpesviruses.

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