Purpose: DNA damage and repair responses are induced by metabolic diseases and environmental stress.The balance of DNA repair response and the antioxidant system play a role in modulating the entire body's health.This study uses a high-fat and high-calorie (HFC) drink to examine the new roles of a plant-based multivitamin/mineral supplement with phytonutrients (PMP) for regulating the antioxidant system and cellular DNA repair signaling in the body resulting from metabolic stress.Methods: In a double-blind, randomized, parallel-arm, and placebo-controlled trial, healthy adults received a capsule containing either a PMP supplement (n = 12) or a placebo control (n = 12) for 8 wk.Fasting blood samples were collected at 0, 1, and 3 h after consuming a HFC drink (900 kcal).The blood samples were analyzed for the following oxidative stress makers: areas under the curve reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), erythrocytes MDA, urinary MDA, oxidized low-d. lipoprotein, and the glutathione:oxidized glutathione ratio at the time points.We further examined the related protein levels of DNA repair signaling (pCHK1 (Serine 345), p-P53 (Serine 15), and ΓH2AX expression) in the plasma of subjects to evaluate the time-dependent effects of a HFC drink.Results: In a previous study, we showed that PMP supplementation for eight weeks reduces the ROS and endogenous DNA damage in human blood plasma.Results of the current study further show that PMP supplementation is significantly correlated with antioxidant defense.Compared to the placebo samples, the blood plasma obtained after PMP supplementation showed enhanced DNA damage response genes such as pCHK1(Serine 345) (a transducer of DNA response) and γH2AX (a hallmark of DNA damage) during the 8 wk trial on metabolic challenges.Conclusion: Our results indicate that PMP supplementation for 8 wk enhances the anti-oxidant system against oxidative stress and prevents DNA damage signaling in humans.

01 Jan 2002·Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONALQ4 · AGRICULTURAL & FORESTRY SCIENCE

Evaluation of the Use of Liquid Dishwashing Compounds To Control Bacteria in Kitchen Sponges

Q4 · AGRICULTURAL & FORESTRY SCIENCE

Article

Author: Nielsen, Peter ; Kananen, Lafonna ; Brumbaugh, Ernie

AbstractA test procedure for evaluating the effect of adding commercial liquid hand dishwashing detergents to kitchen sponges to control microbial growth is described. Claims for this type of application are being made on dishwashing detergents throughout the world. In this evaluation, commercially available kitchen sponges were stripped of antimicrobial compounds. Sponges were then inoculated with a pool of 7 microorganisms which consisted of Gram positives, Gram negatives, and yeast. Inoculated sponges were treated with the detergent as recommended by the manufacturer and allowed to incubate for 16 h at ambient temperature. Surviving microorganisms were then quantitated using either the spiral or pour plate method. Tests were run using both clean sponges and sponges soiled with 0.5% nonfat dry milk (NFDM). Untreated sponges showed stasis or slightly increased bacterial populations after the incubation period in the absence of NFDM. Significant increases of up to 3 log cfu/mL were observed for untreated sponges when soiled with NFDM. Statistically significant reductions were observed for clean sponges (99.8–99.9998%) and sponges soiled with NFDM (87.6–99.9%) when detergents making “antibacterial sponge” claims were added to the inoculated sponges. Statistically significant differences between detergents making “antibacterial sponge” claims were also observed.

Nutrients

Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Chitosan-Derived and Biofermentation-Derived Glucosamine in Nutritional Supplement for Bone Health

Article

Author: Kim, Seung Jin ; Hong, Jina ; Kang, Hee Eun ; Yeo, Eun-ji ; Hu, Chun ; Rajgopal, Arun ; Murray, Mary A. ; Park, Eunmi ; Dang, Jennifer

Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate have been used as nutritional supplementation for joint tissues and osteoarthritis (OA). Biofermented glucosamine is of great interest in the supplement industry as an alternative source of glucosamine. The purpose of this study is to compare the pharmacokinetics of chitosan-derived glucosamine and biofermentation-derived glucosamine as nutritional supplementation. In a randomized, double-blind and cross-over study design, we recruited subjects of healthy men and women. The pharmacokinetics of glucosamine were examined after a single dose of glucosamine sulfate 2KCl (1500 mg) with two different sources of glucosamine (chitosan-derived glucosamine and biofermentation-derived glucosamine) to male and female subjects fitted with intravenous (iv) catheters for repeated blood sampling up to 8 h. According to plasma concentration–time curve of glucosamine after an oral administration of 1500 mg of glucosamine sulfate 2KCl, AUC0–8h and AUC0–∞ values of glucosamine following oral administration of chitosan-derived and biofermentation-derived glucosamine formulations were within the bioequivalence criteria (90% CI of ratios are within 0.8–1.25). The mean Cmax ratios for these two formulations (90% CI of 0.892–1.342) did not meet bioequivalence criteria due to high within-subject variability. There were no statistically significant effects of sequence, period, origin of glucosamine on pharmacokinetic parameters of glucosamine such as AUC0–8h, AUC0–∞, Cmax. Our findings suggest that biofermentation-derived glucosamine could be a sustainable source of raw materials for glucosamine supplement.

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