ThreeBond Co., Ltd.

The latent thermal catalytic abilities of imidazoles-intercalated α-zirconium phosphate, imidazole (α-ZrP.Im), 2-methylimidazole (α-ZrP.2MIm), and 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (α-ZrP.2E4MIm) were examined by the reaction of pentaerythritol tetra (3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP) and glycidyl Ph ether (GPE) in the presence of α-ZrP.Ims at varying temperatures for 1h periods.Increasing the temperature to 80° C, the conversion reached less than 10% with α-ZrP.Ims.At 100 ° C for 1 h in the presence of α-ZrP.2MIm and α-ZrP.2E4MIm, the conversion reached over 96%.With α-ZrP.Im at 120 ° C for 1 h, the conversion was 94%.The thermal stability of PETMP and GPE with α-ZrP.Ims at 40 ° C, the reaction did not proceed for 3 days.At 40 ° C for 4 days, the conversion were 54% for α-ZrP.2MIm and 66% for α-ZrP.2E4MIm.The order of the stability was α-ZrP.Im>α-ZrP.2MIm greater than are equal to α-ZrP.2E4MIm.The curing reaction of PETMP and 2,2-bis(4-hydroxylphenyl)propane diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) with α-ZrP.Ims was evaluated by DSC.These catalysts of α-ZrP.Ims could be used as latent thermal catalysts in the curing reaction of epoxy-thiol system.

Derivatives of 1,1-dimethyl-1-(2-hydroxypropyl)amine benzoylformimide (BFI and 1a-c) were synthesized from 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, propylene oxide, and p-substituted benzoylformic acid ester, resp., and their activity as thermal/photolatent bases and photoradical initiators was studied in detail.Their thermal decomposition activity increased by the electron-donating substituents on the benzene ring, being in order of 1a (p-NMe₂) > 1b (p-MeO) > BFI (H) > 1c (p-NO₂).Photolysis activities were also affected by the substituents, in the following order: 1b > BFI > 1a > 1c.Thermal and photoinduced base-catalyzed polymerization of the epoxide/thiol system and photoradical polymerization of a vinyl monomer, 2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate, were carried out by using the aminimides as latent initiators.Their activity as thermal base and photobase/radical initiators could be correlated to their thermal decomposition and the photolysis activity, resp.