Laboratory studies were performed to examine the removal of NAPL m-xylene from porous media using a biodegradable 5% sodium lauroyl sarcosinate surfactant flushing solution (Hamposyl L-30).Vertical glass columns were packed with 0.6-mm glass beads or washed sand and contaminated with m-xylene.Columns were drained by gravity so that the media initially contained three phases: air, water, and m-xylene.Removal of m-xylene was primarily by enhanced solubilization.Recovery of 95% of residual m-xylene from washed sand was obtained with an average of 43.2 pore volumes of surfactant solution, as opposed to an estimated 477 pore volumes required when flushing with water alone.Addition of surfactants caused decreases in interfacial tensions and therefore column dewatering that resulted in decreased flow rates through the unsaturated media.Effluent samples were acidified to induce phase separation via formation of water insoluble sarcosine acid, which was observed as a white waxy solid that contained 95.4% of the effluent m-xylene in the solid phase.A biodegradable surfactant that, once used, can be separated from the effluent with the organic contaminant immobilized in the solid phase appears to be attractive for soil remediation purposes.

01 May 1959·Analytical Chemistry

Diffusion Analysis of Ions in Gels

Author: Eby, Sister Denise ; Kauffman, Geo. B. ; Antelman, Marvin

A method is described for the quant. determination of some common cations and anions by radial diffusion in concentrated gels of gelatin, vinyl alc., and Na alginate.Qual. separation of the ions is obtained by dropping 0.2-0.4-ml. samples at the center of the plates and allowing diffusion to occur for periods of 1 min. to 1 hr.Developing with suitable reagents gives rise to distinct concentric rings.Radial diffusion distance is proportional to the concentration of the ions.Quant. determination in the concentration range of 0.1-10.0N can be made with an accuracy of ±1%.

The influence of n-acyl sarcosinate and co-surfactant blends on the stability of sodium hypochlorite bleach

Author: Lazzaro, J. V. ; Crudden, J. J.

Sodium Hypochlorite is a powerful disinfecting agent and is used in general purpose cleaning compositionsSurfactants are sometimes added to hypochlorite systems to improve cleaning performance and increase viscosity.Hypochlorites are strong oxidizing agents and are, therefore, incompatible with many surfactants.Data will be presented which shows the influence of, surfactant cheain length, system composition, pH, and temperature, on hypochlorite stability.

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