In the current study, we designed a unique core-to-shell thickness-regulated Ag@Au nanocatalyst (_CSNPs) for H₂O₂-induced selective oxidative etching of core silver. Synthesized _CSNPs exhibit high colloidal stability and demonstrate a significant localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect in the biological window. These unique properties in turn allow us to formulate a unique _CSNP-based LSPR-induced electrochemical detection assay for selective trace-level sensing of H₂O₂ in vitro. Conceptually, we utilized LSPR to amplify the electrochemical signals by inducing the generation of hot electrons and hot holes, which can be harnessed for catalytic purposes. Here, the Au shell acts as a supplier of the hot electron for enhanced catalytic reduction of H₂O₂ where the free electron of the Au shell is subsidized by the Ag core by its subsequent oxidation. The combination of high LSPR property, stability, and efficient binding property makes these NPs not only a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancer but also a promising electrocatalyst for biomolecule detection, which emphasizes the significant potential of these engineered nanomaterials in various applications.

16 Mar 2025·Urban Water Journal

Spatial variability of groundwater quality in four mega-cities of India and impact of land use types on groundwater quality

Author: Das, Dipankar ; Das, Uttam ; Nanda Bera, Ananda ; Sarkar, Bappa ; Islam, Nazrul

The deterioration of groundwater quality is a global concern, particularly in densely populated urban areas.This study examines spatial variability in groundwater quality across four major Indian cities - Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai and Kolkata - using water quality index (WQI) and remote sensing techniques.Groundwater data from the 2018 report of the Central Groundwater Board was analyzed using 12 parameters, while Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) indexes were calculated from Landsat imageries to assess land use impacts.Findings indicate significant variability: Delhi shows 44.62% unsuitable samples, Chennai 12.12%, Kolkata 0% and Mumbai 2%.Urbanization (NDBI) neg. affects WQI, while green spaces (NDVI) improve it.NDWI impacts vary, being neg. in Mumbai but pos. in Kolkata, Chennai and Delhi.Welch′s anal. of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc anal. confirms significant WQI differences across cities.These results highlight the urgent need for sustainable urban infrastructure, increased green spaces and pollutant-free waterbodies to improve groundwater quality in urban India.

08 Aug 2024·International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

A comparative study of CuO nanoparticle and CuO/PVA-PVP nanocomposite on the basis of dye removal performance and antibacterial activity in wastewater treatment

Author: Singh, L. Robindro ; Sen, Subhadeep ; Biswas, Goutam ; Haldar, Prabir Kumar ; Chakdar, Dipankar ; Ghosh, Nikita

Contaminated waterways, particularly effluent from the dye industry, are one of the major issues today.Among various methods adsorption is the most straightforward, effective, and successful to treat such effluents.For this purpose Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO) and Copper oxide nanoparticles embedded within Polyvinyl alc. (PVA) and Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) mixed polymer (CuO/PVA-PVP) were synthesized using precipitation methods and different anal. techniques such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-Vis, band gap measurement, powd. X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier-transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric anal. (TGA) were used to characterize morphol. and size.Synthesized nanomaterials were used for the adsorption of malachite green (MG) dye in aqueous solution by the batch adsorption method.Various exptl. conditions e.g. contact time, concentrations, pH, were optimized to obtain the best adsorption outcome.Adsorption kinetics and isotherm suggested that it follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm that have maximum adsorption capacity of 40 and 76.92 mg/g for CuO and CuO/PVA-PVP, resp.The in vitro antibacterial activity was investigated using disk diffusion and min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) test against Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), a gram-pos. and Escherichia coli (E.coli), a gram-neg. bacteria, where both the synthesized nanoparticles showed a decent antibacterial activity against both the bacterial strain.

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