Gautam Buddha University

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particularly aggressive subtype of breast cancer that is more likely to metastasize and become resistant with a worse prognosis. Herein, we have synthesized novel fluorinated quinoline analogues and investigated their anticancer properties against breast cancer cell lines and cancer cell spheroids. Compounds 6a, 6b, 6d, and 6f demonstrated potent anticancer activity with IC₅₀ values of 2.5-5 μM against TNBC cells (MDA-MB-468), while remaining nontoxic to nontumorigenic breast cells (MCF-10A). The hydrolyzed analogues 7a-f were not active against TNBC cells, implying that the ester group together with fluorine substitution on the quinoline ring is critical for their anticancer activity. Compounds 6a, 6b, and 6f significantly reduced the clonogenic capacity of TNBC cells and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Notably, compounds 6b and 6f considerably decreased TNBC cells (MDA-MB-468 and 4T1) 3D spheroids volume. The present research opens new avenues for developing novel therapeutics for breast cancers.

The alarming rise in fungal infections poses a serious health concern worldwide. Candida albicans is a highly virulent, ubiquitous opportunistic fungal pathogen associated with high mortality, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Its infections range from superficial mucosal to invasive candidiasis. The pathogenicity of C. albicans is largely attributed to its ability to undergo phenotypic switching between different morphological forms ranging from unicellular to hyphae. A key factor in its pathogenesis is candidalysin, a fungal cytolytic peptide toxin. Candidalysin is generated through the expression of the ECE1 polyprotein, which, upon cleavage by the protease Kex2, yields both candidalysin and non-candidalysin ECE1-derived peptides. Notably, despite its critical role in virulence, the ECE1 gene is not widely conserved among fungal pathogens and is predominantly restricted to a few Candida species. This review highlights recent advances in understanding candidalysin-mediated cell damage and immune activation pathways, and also provides insights into the evolution of the ECE1 gene and its potential role in the coevolution of C. albicans with its human host.

Edible mushrooms (EMs) are gaining recognition as a sustainable and nutrient-dense food source. They have emerged as a super nutritious food item with remarkable role in promotion of global food security, nutritional security, and environmental sustainability. This review critically examines the multifaceted benefits of EMs, highlighting their rich nutritional profile, which includes proteins, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides and antioxidants. These components contribute to disease prevention, immune support, and overall well-being, making mushrooms a valuable dietary addition. From a food security perspective, mushrooms offer a sustainable solution, as they can be cultivated on agricultural waste, require minimal resources, and have a low environmental footprint. Their production supports circular economies by recycling organic waste into nutritious food (Grimm et al., 2018). Environmentally, mushrooms contribute to sustainability through bioremediation, soil enrichment, and carbon sequestration. Despite their potential, challenges such as limited consumer awareness, underutilization of diverse species, and scalability issues persist. This review underscores the need for increased research, policy support, and public education to integrate EMs into global food systems.