Lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) is a naturally occurring phospholipid derived by phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) hydrolysis of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and was commercialized for use as a bioregulator due to its ability to stimulate fruit ripening but delay senescence.To elaborate on this proposed mechanism of action the effect of LPE on plant growth and development was investigated using several plant tissue systems and by analyzing the response of potential target enzymes to applied LPE in expanding radish cotyledons.LPE stimulates elongation growth of oat coleoptiles, delays dark-induced leaf senescence in broad bean, enhances fruit set in tomato, and promotes cytokinin-induced cotyledon expansion in radish.Furthermore, LPE-treated radish cotyledons display increased protection from high temperature-induced oxidative stress.P-type plasma membrane ATPase activity from roots of corn and mung bean was not affected by LPE whereas F-/V-type ATPase activity was substantially reduced.LPE treatment of expanding radish cotyledons resulted in the transient induction of acid invertase (Ac-INV, EC 3.2.1.26), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5), endo β-1,3(4)-glucanase (BG, EC 3.2.1.6) and to a lesser extent peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7), but suppression of polyphenol oxidase (PPO, EC) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGR, EC 1.1.1.34) activity.These findings are interpreted in terms of a mode of action for LPE in plants and the potential growth regulator property of LPE is discussed.

01 Sep 2003·Acta Horticulturae

THE POTENTIAL USE OF LYSOPHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE(LPE), A NATURAL LIPID, TO LENGTHEN THE VASE LIFE OF SHORT-LIVED 'LAVANDE' AND 'SENSATION' ROSES

Author: Peoples, Tim ; Snider, Anna ; Palta, Jiwan P.

The use of an LPE dip on the vase life of short-lived, fragrant roses "Lavande" and "Sensation" was investigated.LPE is a natural phospholipid that has been demonstrated to retard senescence of leaves, fruits, and cut flowers.The roses were placed in vases containing a combination of LPE and chems. to retard the growth of microorganisms.They were then moved to an environmentally controlled room and the aesthetic value was rated every twelve hours.Loss of aesthetic value was defined as the point at which a consumer would discard the flower due to complete opening or due to bentneck.LPE alone caused these roses to open more slowly, thus prolonging their vase life.By titrating the concentration of LPE, sugar, and biocide, the optimal formulation was determinedResults indicated that LPE can increase the vase life of "Lavande" and "Sensation" roses by at least 30% over standard industry practices.

Lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine triggers immunity against necrotrophs by promoting JA-signaling and ROS-homeostasis

Author: Alazem, Mazen ; Hwang, Sungkee ; Harries, William ; Lee, Yong Hwan ; Voelz, Ronny ; Kim, Ki-Tae

AbstractModulation of the plant defense response by bioactive molecules is of increasing interest. However, despite plant cell lipids being one of the major cellular components, their role in plant immunity remains elusive. We found that the exogenous application of the cell-membrane localized phospholipid lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) reprograms the plant transcript profile in favor of defense-associated genes thereby priming the plant immune system. Exogenous LPE application at different Arabidopsis accessions increases resistance against the necrotrophic pathogens, Botrytis cinerea and Cochliobolus heterostrophus. We found that the immunity-promoting effect (IPE) of LPE is repealed in the jasmonic acid (JA) receptor mutant coi1, but multiplied in the JA-hypersensitive mutant feronia (fer-4). The JA-signaling repressor JAZ1 is degraded following LPE administration, suggesting that JA-signaling is promoted by LPE. Following LPE-treatment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation is affected in coi1 and fer-4. The application of ROS-scavengers compromises the LPE-mediated immune response suggesting that ROS are crucial for the LPE-mediated IPE. Moreover, FER signaling inhibitors of the RALF family are strongly expressed after LPE application, and RALF23 is internalized in stress granules, suggesting the LPE-mediated repression of FER-signaling by promoting RALF function. The in-situ increase of LPE-abundance in the LPE-biosynthesis mutant lpeat1 and lpeat2 elevates plant resistance to B. cinerea, in contrast to the endogenous LPE-deficient mutant pla2-alpha. We show that LPE increases plant resistance against necrotrophs by promoting JA-signaling and ROS-homeostasis, thereby paving the way for the LPE-targeted genomic engineering of crops to raise their ability to resist biotic threats.

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