AbstractThe major function of the testes is the production of sperm cells. Across species there are dramatic differences in sperm morphology, and this variation may result from variation in the internal structure of the testis. Yet, the extent to which testis anatomy is associated with sperm size remains unclear. In this study, we used 20 species of Anolis lizards to examine interspecific relationships between testis architecture and sperm component lengths, as well as testis architecture and a proxy for copulation rate (hemipenis muscle damage), using both phylogenetic and regular linear models. Results of our evolutionary analysis indicate that testis and sperm components have high phylogenetic signal. Further, testis architecture and sperm component length, and the variance in these traits, are not associated with one another using phylogenetic linear models, although non-phylogenetic analyses suggest that larger testes produce sperm with longer flagella. Our interpretation of these conflicting models is that the strong phylogenetic signal of these traits may mask significant functional and developmental relationships in phylogenetic models that regular linear models reveal. This suggests that these traits are not experiencing selection that would cause these traits to covary in a different pattern than their phylogenetic relationships; instead, in this group they are likely evolving together neutrally.

10 Jan 2025·Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction

DriveGroups: Using Group Perspective for Usable Data Sharing in Research Collaborations

Author: Sur, Dipashreya A. ; Cuadros, Nazaret ; Wu, Yifan ; Izydorczak, Iris ; Frazier, James G. ; Weinstein, Emily K. ; Morrison-Smith, Sarah

Sharing data with collaborators is a complicated task that is nonetheless fundamental to academic research. We present the results of two studies investigating data sharing within academic scientific collaborations, as well as a system called DriveGroups designed to facilitate data sharing. First, we observed and interviewed 38 academic researchers engaged in collaborative research about their data sharing practices. We found that these researchers struggle to manage access to data, especially when different types of collaborators (e.g., students, co-principal investigators) require different access settings. In response, we built DriveGroups, a Google add-on designed to alleviate participant challenges with access control, and compared its usability to unmodified Google Drive. DriveGroups allows users to manage file access from two separate perspectives: 1) the traditional file perspective and 2) a role-based group perspective, which simplifies the data sharing process. DriveGroups matched or outperformed unmodified Google Drive in terms of usability, access control, and transparency, and will help scientists advance high-impact academic research.

01 Jan 2025·Journal of the American College of Radiology

Patient-Friendly Summary of the ACR Appropriateness Criteria®: Supplemental Breast Cancer Screening Based on Breast Density: 2024 Update

Article

Author: Heller, Samantha L ; Shinde, Avani

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