Last update 01 Nov 2024

DR1

Last update 01 Nov 2024

Basic Info

Synonyms

down-regulator of transcription 1, DR1, NC2-BETA

+ [5]

Introduction

The association of the DR1/DRAP1 heterodimer with TBP results in a functional repression of both activated and basal transcription of class II genes. This interaction precludes the formation of a transcription-competent complex by inhibiting the association of TFIIA and/or TFIIB with TBP. Can bind to DNA on its own. Component of the ATAC complex, a complex with histone acetyltransferase activity on histones H3 and H4.

Drugs associated with DR1

DR1/DR4 program (Provid Pharma)

Target

DR1 x DR4

Mechanism

DR1 inhibitors [+1]

Active Org.

Provid Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Originator Org.

Provid Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Active Indication

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhasePreclinical

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

100 Clinical Results associated with DR1

100 Translational Medicine associated with DR1

0 Patents (Medical) associated with DR1

1,859

Literatures (Medical) associated with DR1

01 Feb 2025·Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy

Tuning the optical and photophysical characteristics of DR1 through mixing with JGB

Article

Author: Ghazy, R. ; Ghazy, Ahmed R. ; Ghazy, R ; Ahmed, Samia ; Abdel Gawad, S A ; Abdel Gawad, S.A. ; Ghazy, Ahmed R ; EL‑Sharkawy, A.N. ; Ashraf, Alaa ; El-Sharkawy, A N ; EL-Sharkawy, A.N.

A dye mixture of Disperse red1 (DR1) and Janus green B (JGB) was prepared with different concentrations of the two dyes. The optical properties were studied for the two dyes and their mixtures in terms of the absorbance spectra. The direct optical energy gap in addition to the refractive index, extinction coefficient, dielectric constant and optical conductivity were estimated to the two dyes and their mixtures. The experimental energy gap was found to be 2.234 and 1.666 eV for DR1 and JGB respectively, while the values of the energy gaps for the mixtures were found to be ranging between these two values. On the other hand, the refractive index was found to be changed in a systematic way by changing the contents of the dye mixture. The same behavior was also observed for the dielectric constant and optical conductivity. The emission of the two dyes and their mixtures was studied in terms of fluorescence spectra using excitation wavelength of 300 nm where a change in the fluorescence intensity was observed by changing the contents of the mixture. Finally, TD-DFT simulations were performed for the two dyes and their mixture to study the electron density, electrostatic potential, energy gap and optical absorption spectrum and found to be compatible with the experimental measurements.

01 Oct 2024·The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences

HLA‐DR genotypes in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome in Taiwan

Article

Author: Yen, Chang‐Yi ; Tseng, Chia‐Chun ; Ou, Tsan‐Teng ; Chen, Kuan‐Yu ; Wang, Pin‐Yi ; Wu, Cheng‐Chin ; Yen, Jeng‐Hsien

AbstractDifferent human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes have been known to be associated with the risk of development of Sjögren's syndrome in different populations, but this association has never been reported in Taiwan. We enrolled 1044 subjects (673 patients, 371 controls) and tested their HLA‐DR genotypes. We found an increased risk of Sjögren's syndrome in patients carrying HLA‐DR8. DR1 and DR14 were associated with increased risk of eye involvement (uveitis, scleritis or optic neuritis), while DR15 was associated with increased risk of interstitial lung disease. DR8 was associated with increased risk of formation of multiple antibodies: anti‐Ro, rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) reaching titer 1:80 or above. DR9 was associated with decreased risk of formation of anti‐La antibodies and increased risk of formation of antithyroglobulin antibodies. DR10 was associated with risk of formation of anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP) antibodies, and DR11 was associated with increased risk of formation of anti‐La antibodies. Oral ulcer was found to be negatively associated with anti‐Ro antibodies and with anti‐ENA antibodies. Skin lesions were associated with ANA antibody titer elevation to 1:80 or above. Malignancies of any kind were associated with the presence of cryoglobulin. Females were more likely to be diagnosed at a younger age than males. There was no statistically significant relationship between HLA‐DR genotype and age at disease diagnosis. In patients with Sjögren's syndrome in Taiwan, the presence of HLA‐DR8 appeared to be a risk factor. In addition, we found several associations between HLA‐DR genotype, clinical presentation, and autoantibody status among them.

01 Oct 2024·Pest Management Science

Alternative splicing of the conserved drug‐resistant orthologue FpNcb2 is associated with its nuclear accumulation of products and full virulence of Fusarium pseudograminearum

Article

Author: Zhao, Peiyi ; Peng, Mengya ; Li, Honglian ; Liu, Min ; Dong, Zaifang ; Zhang, Shiyu ; Xing, Xiaoping ; Shi, Yan ; Chen, Linlin

AbstractBACKGROUNDNegative cofactor 2 NC2β (Ncb2 or Dr1) is the beta subunit of a conserved heterodimeric regulator of transcription negative cofactor 2 (NC2) complex that has been identified as key regulator of drug resistance in model fungi. However, its role in plant pathogens is still unclear.RESULTSWe identified an NC2β orthologue, FpNcb2, in Fusarium pseudograminearum, which is not only a significant regulatory function in drug resistance, but also essential for growth, conidiation and penetration. Moreover, FpNcb2 undergoes alternative splicing which creates two mRNA isoforms. As a putative CCAAT binding protein, FpNcb2 concentrates in the nuclei, contributing to the expression of two spliced mRNA of FpNcb2 in hypha, conidiophores and conidia, with exception of FpNcb2ISOA in germlings. Expression of each spliced mRNA of FpNcb2 in Δfpncb2 mutant could full complement the defects on growth, conidiation and fungicides sensitivity to that of wild type. However, FpNcb2ISOA and FpNcb2ISOB have different effects on virulence. FpNcb2 acts as a regulator for the transcription of some genes encoding drug efflux and hydrolases.CONCLUSIONOur analysis showed the existence of alternative mRNA splicing in the NC2β orthologue, which is associated with protein subcellular localization and fungal virulence. The further elucidation of the target genes of NC2β will provide insights into the potential regulation mechanisms in the antifungal resistance and pathogenesis of F. pseudograminearum. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

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DR1

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