TTLL7

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

FLJ23033, Testis development protein NYD-SP30, TTLL7

+ [3]

Introduction

Polyglutamylase which modifies tubulin, generating polyglutamate side chains of variable lengths on the gamma-carboxyl group of specific glutamate residues within the C-terminal tail of tubulin (PubMed:16901895, PubMed:25959773). Mediates both ATP-dependent initiation and elongation steps of the polyglutamylation reaction (PubMed:16901895, PubMed:25959773). Preferentially modifies the beta-tubulin tail over an alpha-tail (PubMed:16901895, PubMed:25959773). Competes with monoglycylase TTLL3 for modification site on beta-tubulin substrate, thereby creating an anticorrelation between glycylation and glutamylation reactions (By similarity). Required for neurite growth; responsible for the strong increase in tubulin polyglutamylation during postnatal neuronal maturation (By similarity).

100 Clinical Results associated with TTLL7

100 Translational Medicine associated with TTLL7

0 Patents (Medical) associated with TTLL7

Literatures (Medical) associated with TTLL7

01 Jul 2023·Journal of Biological Chemistry

The distinct initiation sites and processing activities of TTLL4 and TTLL7 in glutamylation of brain tubulin

Article

Author: Diao, Lei ; Gao, Yan ; Liang, Xin ; Wu, Hui-Yuan ; Wang, Heyi ; Li, Xiangxiao ; Wang, Yujuan ; Zhang, Xinyue ; Bao, Lan ; Chen, Wei

Mammalian brain tubulins undergo a reversible posttranslational modification-polyglutamylation-which attaches a secondary polyglutamate chain to the primary sequence of proteins. Loss of its erasers can disrupt polyglutamylation homeostasis and cause neurodegeneration. Tubulin tyrosine ligase like 4 (TTLL4) and TTLL7 were known to modify tubulins, both with preference for the β-isoform, but differently contribute to neurodegeneration. However, differences in their biochemical properties and functions remain largely unknown. Here, using an antibody-based method, we characterized the properties of a purified recombinant TTLL4 and confirmed its sole role as an initiator, unlike TTLL7, which both initiates and elongates the side chains. Unexpectedly, TTLL4 produced stronger glutamylation immunosignals for α-isoform than β-isoform in brain tubulins. Contrarily, the recombinant TTLL7 raised comparable glutamylation immunoreactivity for two isoforms. Given the site selectivity of the glutamylation antibody, we analyzed modification sites of two enzymes. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed their incompatible site selectivity on synthetic peptides mimicking carboxyl termini of α1- and β2-tubulins and a recombinant tubulin. Particularly, in the recombinant α1A-tubulin, a novel region was found glutamylated by TTLL4 and TTLL7, that again at distinct sites. These results pinpoint different site specificities between two enzymes. Moreover, TTLL7 exhibits less efficiency to elongate microtubules premodified by TTLL4, suggesting possible regulation of TTLL7 elongation activity by TTLL4-initiated sites. Finally, we showed that kinesin behaves differentially on microtubules modified by two enzymes. This study underpins the different reactivity, site selectivity, and function of TTLL4 and TTLL7 on brain tubulins and sheds light on their distinct role in vivo.

01 Mar 2023·The EMBO Journal

Tubulin polyglutamylation differentially regulates microtubule‐interacting proteins

Article

Author: Genova, Mariya ; Grycova, Lenka ; Braun, Marcus ; Lansky, Zdenek ; Janke, Carsten ; Puttrich, Verena ; Magiera, Maria M

AbstractTubulin posttranslational modifications have been predicted to control cytoskeletal functions by coordinating the molecular interactions between microtubules and their associating proteins. A prominent tubulin modification in neurons is polyglutamylation, the deregulation of which causes neurodegeneration. Yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained elusive. Here, using in‐vitro reconstitution, we determine how polyglutamylation generated by the two predominant neuronal polyglutamylases, TTLL1 and TTLL7, specifically modulates the activities of three major microtubule interactors: the microtubule‐associated protein Tau, the microtubule‐severing enzyme katanin and the molecular motor kinesin‐1. We demonstrate that the unique modification patterns generated by TTLL1 and TTLL7 differentially impact those three effector proteins, thus allowing for their selective regulation. Given that our experiments were performed with brain tubulin from mouse models in which physiological levels and patterns of polyglutamylation were altered by the genetic knockout of the main modifying enzymes, our quantitative measurements provide direct mechanistic insight into how polyglutamylation could selectively control microtubule interactions in neurons.

01 Mar 2023·Neurobiology of Aging

Genome-wide association study of executive function in a multi-ethnic cohort implicates LINC01362: Results from the northern Manhattan study

Article

Author: Sacco, Ralph L ; Gutierrez, Jose ; Wright, Clinton B ; Levin, Bonnie ; Wang, Liyong ; Blanton, Susan H ; Beecham, Ashley ; Gardener, Hannah ; Rundek, Tatjana ; Moon, Yeseon P ; Dueker, Nicole ; Dong, Chuanhui ; Cheung, Ying Kuen ; Kaur, Sonya ; Gomez, Lissette ; Elkind, Mitchell S V

Executive function is a cognitive domain with sizable heritability representing higher-order cognitive abilities. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of executive function are sparse, particularly in populations underrepresented in medical research. We performed a GWAS on a composite measure of executive function that included measures of mental flexibility and reasoning using data from the Northern Manhattan Study, a racially and ethnically diverse cohort (N = 1077, 69% Hispanic, 17% non-Hispanic Black and 14% non-Hispanic White). Four SNPs located in the long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1362 gene, LINC01362, on chromosome 1p31.1, were significantly associated with the composite measure of executive function in this cohort (top SNP rs2788328, ß = 0.22, p = 3.1 × 10^-10). The associated SNPs have been shown to influence expression of the tubulin tyrosine ligase like 7 gene, TTLL7 and the protein kinase CAMP-activated catalytic subunit beta gene, PRKACB, in several regions of the brain involved in executive function. Together, these findings present new insight into the genetic underpinnings of executive function in an understudied population.

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TTLL7

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