ITPA

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

C20orf37, dJ794I6.3, HLC14-06-P

+ [10]

Introduction

Pyrophosphatase that hydrolyzes the non-canonical purine nucleotides inosine triphosphate (ITP), deoxyinosine triphosphate (dITP) as well as 2'-deoxy-N-6-hydroxylaminopurine triphosphate (dHAPTP) and xanthosine 5'-triphosphate (XTP) to their respective monophosphate derivatives. The enzyme does not distinguish between the deoxy- and ribose forms. Probably excludes non-canonical purines from RNA and DNA precursor pools, thus preventing their incorporation into RNA and DNA and avoiding chromosomal lesions.

100 Clinical Results associated with ITPA

100 Translational Medicine associated with ITPA

0 Patents (Medical) associated with ITPA

592

Literatures (Medical) associated with ITPA

01 Apr 2025·Digestive and Liver Disease

Response to azathioprine treatment in autoimmune hepatitis is dependent on glutathione transferase genotypes

Article

Author: Hindorf, Ulf ; Almer, Sven ; Haglund, Sofie ; Appell, Malin Lindqvist

BACKGROUNDAzathioprine (AZA) is part of the standard treatment for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The first step in the complex bioconversion of AZA to active metabolites is mediated by glutathione transferases (GSTs).AIMSElucidate the association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 copy number variation (CNV), genetic variation in GSTA2, GSTP1, and inosine-triphosphate-pyrophosphatase, and the response to AZA in AIH.METHODSGenotyping was performed in AIH patients (n = 131) on AZA, and in a Swedish background population (n = 283). Thiopurine metabolites in blood erythrocytes were determined by high performance liquid chromatography.RESULTSGSTM1 and GSTT1 CNV were associated with treatment response to AZA. Gene deletion of GSTM1-but not of GSTT1-was associated with the liver transaminase levels. None of the studied genetic variants were associated with the thiopurine metabolite concentrations, suggesting non-enzymatic mechanisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in the context of AZA efficacy in AIH. The prevalence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 CNV genotypes was similar in AIH and in the background population.CONCLUSIONThis study shows the effects of GSTM1 and GSTT1 CNV on AZA efficacy in AIH, not previously described. It also elaborates on the impact of the definition of treatment response, on the importance of the various GSTs studied. Furthermore, the GSTM1 and GSTT1 CNV frequencies previously reported in European populations were confirmed.

01 Oct 2024·The FEBS Journal

Structure–function analysis of nucleotide housekeeping protein HAM1 from human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

Article

Author: Nag, Shiladitya ; Debsharma, Subhashis ; Datta, Saumen ; Bandyopadhyay, Uday ; Pramanik, Atanu ; Banerjee, Chinmoy ; Saha, Debanjan ; Pramanik, Saikat ; Freville, Aline ; Pal, Uttam ; Mazumder, Somnath ; Maiti, Nakul C. ; Siddiqui, Asim Azhar ; van Ooij, Christiaan

Non‐canonical nucleotides, generated as oxidative metabolic by‐products, significantly threaten the genome integrity of Plasmodium falciparum and thereby, their survival, owing to their mutagenic effects. PfHAM1, an evolutionarily conserved inosine/xanthosine triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase, maintains nucleotide homeostasis in the malaria parasite by removing non‐canonical nucleotides, although structure–function intricacies are hitherto poorly reported. Here, we report the X‐ray crystal structure of PfHAM1, which revealed a homodimeric structure, additionally validated by size‐exclusion chromatography–multi‐angle light scattering analysis. The two monomeric units in the dimer were aligned in a parallel fashion, and critical residues associated with substrate and metal binding were identified, wherein a notable structural difference was observed in the β‐sheet main frame compared to human inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase. PfHAM1 exhibited Mg++‐dependent pyrophosphohydrolase activity and the highest binding affinity to dITP compared to other non‐canonical nucleotides as measured by isothermal titration calorimetry. Modifying the pfham1 genomic locus followed by live‐cell imaging of expressed mNeonGreen‐tagged PfHAM1 demonstrated its ubiquitous presence in the cytoplasm across erythrocytic stages with greater expression in trophozoites and schizonts. Interestingly, CRISPR‐Cas9/DiCre recombinase‐guided pfham1‐null P. falciparum survived in culture under standard growth conditions, indicating its assistive role in non‐canonical nucleotide clearance during intra‐erythrocytic stages. This is the first comprehensive structural and functional report of PfHAM1, an atypical nucleotide‐cleansing enzyme in P. falciparum.

01 Sep 2024·International Journal of Environmental Health Research

Human epithelial lung cell toxicity assessment of collected graphite particles from an iron casting industry (in vitro study)

Article

Author: Panjali, Zahra ; Zendehdel, Rezvan ; Hahad, Omar

Workers in the iron casting industries are exposed to various chemicals, especially graphite in furnace process. This study aims to investigate the toxic effects of graphite particles on human lung cells. Particle characteristics were confirmed by electron microscope and light scattering. Cell viability and oxidative stress markers were measured. The expression of oxidative repair genes, namely OGG1, MTH1, and ITPA, was evaluated. The average particle size was determined to be 172.1 ± 11.96 nm. The median inhibition concentration (IC₅₀) of graphite particles was 46.75 µg/mL. Notably, 25 and 50 µg/mL concentrations resulted in significant GSH depletion and MDA production. The high concentration of graphite particles (200 µg/mL) led to OGG1 suppression and increased MTH1 expression. Based on these findings, graphite exposure may induce toxicity in human lung cells by increasing oxidative stress. Further research is necessary to fully understand the mechanisms underlying graphite toxicity.

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ITPA

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