PLXND1

Last update 23 Jan 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

KIAA0620, plexin D1, Plexin-D1

+ [1]

Introduction

Cell surface receptor for SEMA4A and for class 3 semaphorins, such as SEMA3A, SEMA3C and SEMA3E. Plays an important role in cell-cell signaling, and in regulating the migration of a wide spectrum of cell types. Regulates the migration of thymocytes in the medulla. Regulates endothelial cell migration. Plays an important role in ensuring the specificity of synapse formation. Required for normal development of the heart and vasculature (By similarity). Mediates anti-angiogenic signaling in response to SEMA3E.

100 Clinical Results associated with PLXND1

100 Translational Medicine associated with PLXND1

0 Patents (Medical) associated with PLXND1

194

Literatures (Medical) associated with PLXND1

01 Feb 2025·Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

Plexins: Navigating through the neural regulation and brain pathology

Review

Author: Sharma, Poonam ; Sharma, Bhupesh ; Dahiya, Sarthak ; Khan, Ariba

Plexins are a family of transmembrane receptors known for their diverse roles in neural development, axon guidance, neuronal migration, synaptogenesis, and circuit formation. Semaphorins are a class of secreted and membrane proteins that act as primary ligands for plexin receptors. Semaphorins play a crucial role in central nervous system (CNS) development by regulating processes such as axonal growth, neuronal positioning, and synaptic connectivity. Various types of semaphorins like sema3A, sema4A, sema4C, sema4D, and many more have a crucial role in developing brain diseases. Likewise, various evidence suggests that plexin receptors are of four types: plexin A, plexin B, plexin C, and plexin D. Plexins have emerged as crucial regulators of neurogenesis and neuronal development and connectivity. When bound to semaphorins, these receptors trigger two major networking cascades, namely Rho and Ras GTPase networks. Dysregulation of plexin networking has been implicated in a myriad of brain disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and many more. This review synthesizes findings from molecular, cellular, and animal model studies to elucidate the mechanisms by which plexins contribute to the pathogenesis of various brain diseases.

01 Jan 2025·Life Sciences

Semaphorins and its receptors: Emerging cellular biomarkers and therapeutic targets in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders

Review

Author: Qamar, Tooba ; Misra, Durga Prasanna ; Kar, Susanta

Semaphorins have been discovered to play an array of roles in immune regulation, especially in the complex field of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Originally discovered for their critical role in directing axon growth during brain development, semaphores have since been shown to have versatile actions. They are distinguished by a conserved extracellular sema domain with a 7-blade beta propeller structure. With their interactions with receptors, including neuropilins (NRP1 and NRP2) and plexins (Plexin-A1, Plexin-A4, Plexin-B1, Plexin-D1), they may substantially influence immune processes such T cell activation, thymocyte formation, dendritic cell migration and B cell clonal expansion. In this review, we intend to summarize the potential of semaphorins and their receptors as not only diagnostic biomarkers but also as promising immunotherapeutic targets. We aimed to provide an overview of the latest developments in targeting semaphorins for therapeutic intervention. These range from gene therapy to small molecule inhibitors in certain autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as inflammatory diseases like cancer, allergic asthma and atherosclerosis. The effectiveness of targeting semaphorins to lessen inflammation and the severity of disease is already demonstrated by some preclinical research like with clinical trials focusing on SEMA3A inhibitors such as xanthofulvin and SM-345431, in case of autoimmune disorders. By addressing each patient's distinct immunological profile, minimizing side effects, and optimizing efficacy, this strategy may advance precision therapy in autoimmune and inflammatory illnesses.

17 Dec 2024·Reviews in the Neurosciences

The role of antibodies in small fiber neuropathy: a review of currently available evidence

Review

Author: Morelli, Luana ; Ricciardiello, Fortuna ; Serra, Lucrezia ; Caprini, Marco ; Donadio, Vincenzo ; Liguori, Rocco ; Giannoccaro, Maria Pia ; Gligora, Ilaria

AbstractSmall fiber neuropathy (SFN) is a peripheral nerve condition affecting thin myelinated Aδ and unmyelinated C-fibers, characterized by severe neuropathic pain and other sensory and autonomic symptoms. A variety of medical disorders can cause SFN; however, more than 50% of cases are idiopathic (iSFN). Some investigations suggest an autoimmune etiology, backed by evidence of the efficacy of IVIG and plasma exchange. Several studies suggest that autoantibodies directed against nervous system antigens may play a role in the development of neuropathic pain. For instance, patients with CASPR2 and LGI1 antibodies often complain of pain, and in vitro and in vivo studies support their pathogenicity. Other antibodies have been associated with SFN, including those against TS-HDS, FGFR3, and Plexin-D1, and new potential targets have been proposed. Finally, a few studies reported the onset of SFN after COVID-19 infection and vaccination, investigating the presence of potential antibody targets. Despite these overall findings, the pathogenic role has been demonstrated only for some autoantibodies, and the association with specific clinical phenotypes or response to immunotherapy remains to be clarified. The purpose of this review is to summarise known autoantibody targets involved in neuropathic pain, putative attractive autoantibody targets in iSFN patients, their potential as biomarkers of response to immunotherapy and their role in the development of iSFN.

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PLXND1

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