DRAM2

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

DNA damage regulated autophagy modulator 2, DNA damage-regulated autophagy modulator protein 2, DRAM2

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Introduction

Plays a role in the initiation of autophagy. In the retina, might be involved in the process of photoreceptor cells renewal and recycling to preserve visual function. Induces apoptotic cell death when coexpressed with DRAM1.

100 Clinical Results associated with DRAM2

100 Translational Medicine associated with DRAM2

0 Patents (Medical) associated with DRAM2

Literatures (Medical) associated with DRAM2

01 May 2025·Fish & Shellfish Immunology

DRAM2 inhibits white spot syndrome virus infection via activating autophagy in Penaeus vannamei

Article

Author: Liu, Mingjian ; Wang, Chuanqi ; Huang, Xiyu ; Huang, Jieyu ; Zhao, Mingming ; Yang, Linwei

The DNA damage-regulated autophagy modulators have been identified as key activators of autophagy, an emerging mechanism to combat viral infections. In this study, we cloned and characterized the DNA damage-regulated autophagy modulator 2 homolog from the shrimp Penaeus vannamei (designated as PvDRAM2) and investigated its potential roles during white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. The predicted three-dimensional structure of PvDRAM2 consists of six β-fold regions, which exhibit conservation with similar structures in other species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the clusters of PvDRAM2 evolved alongside invertebrate DRAMs, showing a close relationship with DRAMs from Penaeus japonicus and Homarus americanus. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that PvDRAM2 is ubiquitously expressed across various shrimp tissues, with significantly increased expression levels in hemocytes and intestines following WSSV challenge. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of PvDRAM2 notably elevated WSSV loads and reduced survival rates in shrimps subjected to WSSV challenge. Functionally, the overexpression of PvDRAM2 enhanced autophagy in High Five cells. Additionally, the application of autophagy activators demonstrated that activating autophagy could counteract the increased WSSV replication precipitated by the knockdown of PvDRAM2. Collectively, our findings suggest that PvDRAM2 may inhibit WSSV infection by activating autophagy.

01 Jan 2025·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology

Deficiency of PvDRAM2 increased the nitrite sensitivity of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) by inhibiting autophagy

Article

Author: Liang, Qing-Jian ; Dong, Bei-Bei ; Lin, Xing-Hao

Autophagy is an essential response mechanism to environmental stress during the evolution of organisms. DRAM2 (Damage-regulated autophagy regulator 2) is recognized as necessary for the process of p53-mediated cell apoptosis. Although the role of DRAM2 in apoptosis has been confirmed, the mechanism of its relationship with autophagy is still unclear. Here we describe PvDRAM2 features and functions. We found that nitrite stress induced autophagy accumulation and ROS production. A novel DRAM-homologous protein, DRAM2, was cloned, and its expression is significantly up-regulated under nitrite stress conditions. PvDRAM2 primarily localizes within the cytoplasmic lysosome.Loss of PvDRAM2 increased sensitivity response to nitrite stress of Pacific white shrimp. And silenced of PvDRAM2 promoted ROS production and inhibited autophagy accumulation. In addition, silenced of PvDRAM2 decreased the autophagy-related protein of p62, Beclin 1, and LC3 expression under nitrite stress of Pacific white shrimp. Collectively, these studies uncover a novel critical role for PvDRAM2 in regulating autophagy under nitrite stress. Specifically, PvDRAM2 is essential for the induction of autophagy, enabling Pacific white shrimp to adapt to environmental stress. This provides mechanistic insight into how autophagy functions as a way for Pacific white shrimp to cope with environmental challenges.

01 Jan 2025·Vision Research

Lack of retinal degeneration in a Dram2 knockout mouse model

Article

Author: Zhu, Xianjun ; Chen, Junyao ; Fan, Yudi ; Liu, Wenjing ; Jiang, Xiaoyan ; Sun, Kuanxiang ; Cai, Jinrui

Damage-regulated autophagy modulator 2 (DRAM2) is a homologue of the DRAM family protein, which can induce autophagy process. In the retina, DRAM2 is located to the inner segment of photoreceptors, the apical surface of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, and the lysosome. Pathogenic variants of DRAM2 lead to autosomal recessive Cone-rod dystrophy 21 (CORD21). Cone-rod dystrophy is characterised by primary cone involvement, or sometimes simultaneous cone and rod loss, thus leading to decreased visual acuity, colour vision deficits, photophobia, and decreased sensitivity of the central visual field. However, the mechanisms underlying DRAM2 related retinal diseases remained unclear. To further explore the role of Dram2 in the retina, we generated Dram2 knockout mice (KO) by CRISPR/Cas-9 technology and demonstrated that expression of DRAM2 was abolished in KO retinas. Dram2 ablation failed to manifest any retinal degenerative phenotypes. Dram2 KO did not exhibit visible defect in photo response and the overt structure of the retinas. Immunostaing analysis using antibodies against cone opsins revealed no detectable loss of cone cells. Moreover, no visible change was observed in the expression and localisation of rhodopsin and other membrane disc proteins in Dram2 KO retinas and no gliosis and apoptosis were detected in KO mice. In summary, these data revealed lack of overt retinal degeneration in Dram2 KO model and emphasized the importance of further investigation of the mechanisms underlying Cone-rod dystrophy 21.

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