AKAP4

Last update 23 Jan 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

A-kinase anchor protein 4, A-kinase anchor protein 82 kDa, A-kinase anchoring protein 4

+ [12]

Introduction

Major structural component of sperm fibrous sheath. Plays a role in sperm motility.

100 Clinical Results associated with AKAP4

100 Translational Medicine associated with AKAP4

0 Patents (Medical) associated with AKAP4

329

Literatures (Medical) associated with AKAP4

01 Dec 2024·Journal of Genetics and Genomics

1700030J22Rik is essential for sperm flagellar function and male fertility in mice

Article

Author: Bu, Tiao ; Sun, Fei ; Yang, Xiwen ; Gao, Sheng ; Wu, Xiaolong ; Shi, Jie ; Li, Xinyao ; Wu, Yunhao ; Wang, Lingling ; Yun, Damin

Spermiogenesis is an indispensable process occurring during the later stages of spermatogenesis. Despite multiple proteins being associated with spermiogenesis, the molecular mechanisms that control spermiogenesis remain poorly characterized. In this study, we show that 1700030J22RIK is exclusively expressed in the testis of mice and investigate its roles in spermiogenesis using genetic and proteomic approaches. The deficiency in 1700030J22RIK in male mice results in severe subfertility, characterized by a substantial decrease in sperm concentration, motility, and abnormalities in the flagella. Furthermore, 1700030J22RIK interacts with the A-kinase-anchoring protein AKAP3, and 1700030J22RIK knockout decreases AKAP3 and AKAP4 protein levels. Additionally, the absence of 1700030J22RIK alters spermatozoal levels of the subunits of protein kinase A, leading to reduced protein phosphorylation and impaired sperm motility. This study reveals that 1700030J22RIK plays a crucial role in the organization of sperm morphology and function in mice.

01 Aug 2024·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

Building an Understanding of Proteostasis in Reproductive Cells: The Impact of Reactive Carbonyl Species on Protein Fate

Review

Author: Nixon, Brett ; Bromfield, Elizabeth G ; Smyth, Shannon P ; Burke, Nathan D ; Skerrett-Byrne, David A

Significance: Stringent regulation of protein homeostasis pathways, under both physiological and pathological conditions, is necessary for the maintenance of proteome fidelity and optimal cell functioning. However, when challenged by endogenous or exogenous stressors, these proteostasis pathways can become dysregulated with detrimental consequences for protein fate, cell survival, and overall organism health. Most notably, there are numerous somatic pathologies associated with a loss of proteostatic regulation, including neurodegenerative disorders, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers. Recent Advances: Lipid oxidation-derived reactive carbonyl species (RCS), such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) and malondialdehyde, are relatively underappreciated purveyors of proteostatic dysregulation, which elicit their effects via the nonenzymatic post-translational modification of proteins. Emerging evidence suggests that a subset of germline proteins can serve as substrates for 4HNE modification. Among these, prevalent targets include succinate dehydrogenase, heat shock protein A2 and A-kinase anchor protein 4, all of which are intrinsically associated with fertility. Critical Issues: Despite growing knowledge in this field, the RCS adductomes of spermatozoa and oocytes are yet to be comprehensively investigated. Furthermore, the manner by which RCS-mediated adduction impacts protein fate and drives cellular responses, such as protein aggregation, requires further examination in the germline. Given that RCS-protein adduction has been attributed a role in infertility, there has been sparked research investment into strategies to prevent lipid peroxidation in germ cells. Future Directions: An increased depth of knowledge regarding the mechanisms and substrates of RCS-mediated protein modification in reproductive cells may reveal important targets for the development of novel therapies to improve fertility and pregnancy outcomes for future generations.

01 Jul 2024·International Journal of Biometeorology

Selection of reference genes for normalizing gene expression data across seasons in spermatozoa of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Article

Author: Gurao, Ankita ; Aggarwal, Rajeev Anand Kumar ; Sriranga, Karpenahalli Ranganatha ; Vasisth, Rashi ; Kataria, Ranjit Singh ; Chitkara, Meenakshi ; Kumar, Gautam ; Singh, Pawan ; Mukesh, Manishi ; Dige, Mahesh Shivanand

Selection of the most stably expressed reference genes is key to monitoring accurate target gene expression across any tissue or cell type. The mRNA in spermatozoa stores valuable information related to changes in spermatogenesis due to variations in environmental conditions, especially during heat stress, which affects various sperm functions. Semen quality in buffalo bulls is significantly influenced by the seasons. In the study, a panel of nine genes was evaluated to identify the most stably expressed internal control gene (ICG) for the normalization of real-time gene expression data generated across various seasons for Murrah buffalo bulls' spermatozoa. Sperm cells were purified from the semen samples collected during different seasons, with temperature-humidity index (THI) ranging from 80.80 ± 1.47 (hot summer) to 55.88 ± 1.98 (winter), using the BoviPure™ gradient purification method. The RNA isolated from the purified spermatozoa fraction was quality checked prior to reverse transcription and subjected to qPCR (quantitative real-time PCR) based expression analysis. An automated 'endoGene' pipeline was employed to apply the geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper algorithms for data analysis. The result indicated that GAPDH and PP1A were the most stably expressed among the gene panel, whereas ATPSF1 and ACTB were the two least stable expressed reference genes. Further, the most suitable ICGs identified were validated by normalization of real time expression data of heat stress and sperm quality genes, HSFY2 and AKAP4, respectively. The genes identified would help in generating the most reliable results for the expression profiling of the genes dictating sperm quality and heat stress cope-up mechanism in buffalo spermatozoa, collected during different seasons.

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AKAP4

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