GK5

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

ATP:glycerol 3-phosphotransferase 5, GK 5, GK5

+ [4]

Introduction

Skin-specific kinase that plays a key role in glycerol metabolism, catalyzing its phosphorylation to produce sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. Involved in skin-specific regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) processing and lipid biosynthesis.

100 Clinical Results associated with GK5

100 Translational Medicine associated with GK5

0 Patents (Medical) associated with GK5

Literatures (Medical) associated with GK5

01 Mar 2025·The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Effects of combined exposure to 17α-methyltestosterone and polystyrene microplastics on lipid metabolism and the nervous system in Danio rerio

Article

Author: Cao, Lu ; Liu, Qing ; Li, Tongyao ; Liu, Shaozhen ; Song, Jing ; Wang, Weiwei ; Liu, Yu ; Xiong, Zijun ; Chen, Gen ; Zhao, Haiyan ; Wang, Xianzong ; Rong, Weiya

Polystyrene (PS) microplastics are pervasive environmental pollutants that are harmful to aquatic organisms upon degradation. The synthetic androgen 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) is an environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the combined histological and molecular effects of MT and PS exposure on the liver and brain tissues of Danio rerio with focus on lipid metabolism and neural function disruption. Female D. rerio were exposed to 50 ng/L MT and 0.5 mg/L PS (5 μm in diameter) for 21 d. Histological observations, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis were employed to assess the effects of PS and MT. These results indicated that MT and PS co-exposure caused fatty degeneration of liver cells and a significant upregulation of lipid synthesis-related genes (ACSS1, CEL, FASN, and GK5). In brain tissue, the observed effects included reduced marginal layer neuron counts, cytoplasmic loosening of central layer neurons, disordered gray matter layer cells, and vascular congestion. RNA-seq analysis further revealed significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes in the "glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism" and "neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction" signaling pathways. Thus, MT and PS co-exposure induced lipid metabolism disorders in D. rerio and influence neural signaling by altering the "neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction" pathway. These findings highlight the complex risks posed by environmental pollutants to aquatic life and provide critical insights for environmental protection and aquatic health research.

01 Jan 2024·Environmental Toxicology

Studies on immunotoxicity induced by emamectin benzoate in zebrafish embryos based on metabolomics

Article

Author: Shao, Xusheng ; Zhang, Yang ; Xu, Wenping ; Tao, Liming ; Wang, Weiguo ; Wei, Ziyi ; Li, Zhong

AbstractEmamectin benzoate (EMB) is an insecticide for the control of agricultural lepidoptera pests, and also an anti‐parasiticide for the control of exoparasites in aquaculture industry. Increased studies suggest that EMB could cause toxicity to non‐targeted organisms, but its immunotoxicity to human remains unclear. In this study, zebrafish were used to investigate the immunotoxic effects induced by environmentally relevant doses of EMB. We observed that EMB exposure led to embryo mortality and delayed hatching, as well as increased malformations. Meanwhile, zebrafish exposed to EMB exhibited a significant decrease in the number of neutrophils and macrophages. In addition, untargeted metabolomics approach was developed to elucidate the mechanism of EMB‐induced immunotoxicity. We found that a total of 10 shared biomarkers were identified in response to EMB exposure. Furthermore, pathway analysis identified glycerophospholipid metabolism was the most relevant pathway. Within this pathway, it was observed abnormal increases in glycerol 3‐phosphate content, which could be attributed to the increased expression of GK5 and decreased expression of GPAT3. Our study provided novel and robust perspectives, which showed that EMB exposure to zebrafish embryos could cause metabolic disturbances that adversely affected development and immune system.

01 Apr 2021·Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and PhysiologyQ4 · MEDICINE

Exposure to particulate matter 2.5 and cigarette smoke induces the synthesis of lipid droplets by glycerol kinase 5

Q4 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Wu, Yuanyuan ; Yan, Mengnan ; Fu, Cuiping ; Dou, Maosen ; Shen, Yao ; Xia, Shijin ; Zhou, Jian ; Chang, Meijia ; Peng, Wenjun ; Zhang, Ge ; Giunta, Sergio ; Li, Huayin

AbstractParticulate matter (PM2.5) and cigarette smoke exposure are leading factors contributing to various diseases, especially respiratory diseases. The purpose of this research was to study the effects of PM2.5 and cigarette smoke on glycerol kinase 5 (GK5) expression and the possible mechanisms by which GK5 participates in lipid droplet (LD) synthesis in alveolar epithelial A549 cells. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and western blotting have been used for the detection of messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression respectively. GK5 overexpressing cells were established by lentivirus transfection, whereby lentiviral vectors deliver the gene into chromosomes, allowing stable expression. Affymetrix microarray analysis, a widely used tool for measuring genome‐wide gene expression, has been used to explore differential gene expression profiles. A549 cells stimulated with PM2.5 and cigarette smoke extract (CSE) showed elevated GK5 expression in a dose‐dependent manner. Transmission electron microscopy and oil red O staining were used to observe LDs in cells. Further, GK5 overexpressing cells showed increased LDs and upregulation of genes and proteins related to lipogenesis and lipid transportation. Affymetrix microarray analysis revealed that GK5 overexpression resulted in the differential expression of more than 109 genes, which were mainly involved in the regulation of cell death, cell survival, cellular movement and migration, and those involved in cellular growth and proliferation pathways. Overall, this study demonstrates that GK5 is upregulated during PM2.5 and cigarette smoke exposure and induces LD synthesis.

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GK5

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