PLA2G4F

Last update 23 Jan 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

cPLA2-zeta, Cytosolic phospholipase A2 zeta, phospholipase A2 group IVF

+ [3]

Introduction

Has calcium-dependent phospholipase and lysophospholipase activities with a potential role in membrane lipid remodeling and biosynthesis of lipid mediators (PubMed:29158256). Preferentially hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-2 position of phospholipids (phospholipase A2 activity) (PubMed:29158256). Selectively hydrolyzes sn-2 arachidonoyl group from membrane phospholipids, providing the precursor for eicosanoid biosynthesis (PubMed:29158256). In myocardial mitochondria, plays a major role in arachidonate release that is metabolically channeled to the formation of cardioprotective eicosanoids, epoxyeicosatrienoates (EETs) (PubMed:29158256).

100 Clinical Results associated with PLA2G4F

100 Translational Medicine associated with PLA2G4F

0 Patents (Medical) associated with PLA2G4F

293

Literatures (Medical) associated with PLA2G4F

01 Mar 2025·Gene

Bisphenol A alters JUN promoter methylation, impairing steroid metabolism in placental cells and linking to sub-representative phenotypes

Article

Author: Lu, Daru ; Zhang, Sufen ; Wu, Qihan ; Ni, Xiaohua ; He, Wanhong ; Wang, Ziliang ; Liang, Hong ; Yuan, Wei ; Zhu, Haijun

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used industrial compound commonly found in various everyday plastic products. Known for its endocrine-disrupting properties, BPA can enter the human body through multiple pathways. Prenatal exposure to BPA not only disrupts placental structure and function but also interferes with normal steroid metabolism. This study investigates the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms by which BPA influences steroid metabolism in the placenta. Using BPA-treated JEG3 cells, we analyzed hormone levels, gene promoter DNA methylation, and gene expression, further validating our findings in placental samples. Additionally, we explored the role of epigenetic modifications in regulating steroid metabolism at the cellular level and assessed related phenotypes in cohort samples. The results demonstrated that BPA significantly reduced the levels of progesterone, estradiol, and testosterone, and notably affected the promoter methylation and expression levels of 63 genes. Enrichment analysis highlighted PLA2G4F, JUN, MRAS, ERBB4, DUSP1, and GADD45G as being primarily enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway. Further studies revealed that the methylation level of the JUN promoter regulates its expression, impacting hormone levels by modulating downstream signaling pathways. In placental samples, male offspring in the hypermethylated JUN promoter group had shorter anogenital distance (AGD) compared to those in the hypomethylated group. These findings suggest that BPA reduces the expression of steroid metabolism genes via the epigenetic regulation of the JUN gene, thereby decreasing progesterone, estradiol, and testosterone levels and leading to shortened AGD in offspring.

01 Feb 2025·Analytica Chimica Acta

Innovative separation of melittin from bee venom using micro-free-flow electrophoresis: An experimental and theoretical study

Article

Author: Mashayekhan, Shohreh ; Ramazani Sa, Ahmad ; Kordzadeh, Azadeh

BACKGROUNDBee venom consists of more than 50 % melittin (MLT), which has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Bee venom also contains toxic components such as phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and hyaluronidase (HYA), which cause allergic reactions, so the toxic components must be removed to use MLT. In previous studies, analytical methods were used to separate MLT. This study used micro-free flow electrophoresis (μFFE) for MLT separation. This separation was simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and molecular dynamics simulation (MD). The glass chip was fabricated using the wet etched method, and MLT separation was investigated experimentally.RESULTSThe CFD results demonstrated that MLT was separated from PLA2 and HYA in less than 3 min, and MLT and toxic components took different paths in the channel. The operating conditions, such as the sample flow rate, buffer flow rate, electric field strength, and channel dimensions, were optimized during the simulation. The MD results showed that MLT's conformation does not change the separation process. MD simulation with an atomistic resolution could give us more accurate results of molecular interactions. Also, MLT separation was performed on a glass chip, adding to the precision of the process. The channel outputs were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). MLT separation using μFFE was performed for the first time. The results indicated that melittin was purified 90 % in this separation, and PLA2 was rejected by 90 %.SIGNIFICANCEThe results indicated that, for the first time, the separation of MLT from bee venom using μFFE could be achieved with a high recovery rate, thereby demonstrating its potential for biological applications. This separation in less than 3 min has higher yield and purity than analytical methods such as HPLC.

01 Jan 2025·Genes & Genomics

Analysis of key pathways and genes in nodal structure on rat skin surface using gene ontology and KEGG pathway

Article

Author: Ju, Suk ; Shin, Joonyoung ; Lee, Hyorin ; Park, A Yeong ; Han, Dongwoon ; Kang, Hyung Won ; Kim, Sungchul

BACKGROUNDWe have previously reported anatomical, histological, and gene expression characteristics of the nodal structure of rat skin surface and suggested its potential as an acupuncture point. However, the specific characteristics of the interactions among the genes expressed in this structure remain unclear.OBJECTIVEWe aimed to determine gene expression changes by analyzing interaction networks of genes up-regulated in nodal structures and to explore relationships with acupuncture points.METHODSWe investigated the relationship between the nodal structures and acupuncture points by analyzing the interactions of up-regulated genes, their Gene Ontology biological functions, and the characteristics of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. RNA-seq and STRING analysis provided comprehensive information on these gene groups.RESULTSInteractions between up-regulated genes in nodal structures were classified into three groups. The first group, which includes Wnt7b, Wnt3, and Wnt16, showed significant interactions in pathways such as Wnt signaling, Alzheimer's disease, and regulation of stem cell pluripotency. The second group, composed of Fos, Dusp1, Pla2g4e, Pla2g4f, and Fgfr3, demonstrated a notable association with the MAPK signaling pathway. Lastly, the third group, consisting of Adcy1, Pla2g4e, Pla2g4f, and Dusp1 exhibited effective interactions with the inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels and serotonergic synapse.CONCLUSIONContinued research on nodal structures where these genes are expressed is needed to improve our understanding of skin anatomy and physiology as well as their potential clinical utility as acupuncture points.

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PLA2G4F

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