HDAC9

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

HD7, HD7b, HD9

+ [11]

Introduction

Isoform 3 lacks active site residues and therefore is catalytically inactive. Represses MEF2-dependent transcription by recruiting HDAC1 and/or HDAC3. Seems to inhibit skeletal myogenesis and to be involved in heart development. Protects neurons from apoptosis, both by inhibiting JUN phosphorylation by MAPK10 and by repressing JUN transcription via HDAC1 recruitment to JUN promoter. Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Represses MEF2-dependent transcription.

100 Clinical Results associated with HDAC9

100 Translational Medicine associated with HDAC9

0 Patents (Medical) associated with HDAC9

530

Literatures (Medical) associated with HDAC9

01 Jun 2025·International Dental Journal

HDAC9-Mediated Pyroptosis Promotes Orthodontically Induced Inflammatory Root Resorption

Article

Author: Hu, Bingxue ; Huang, Junhao ; Ai, Hong ; Lin, Tianwei ; Mai, Zhihui ; Liu, Limin ; Lu, Hongfei ; Chen, Lin

INTRODUCTION AND AIMSOrthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) is a common iatrogenic outcome of orthodontic treatment. Both epigenetic modifications and pyroptosis have demonstrated a certain role in OIIRR. This study aims to investigate whether epigenetic modifications regulate pyroptosis to be involved in OIIRR.METHODRat model of OIIRR was established, and the periodontal tissues were utilized for H&E staining, TRAP staining, immunofluorescence, transcriptome sequencing, and RT-qPCR analysis. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs) were overexpressed with HDAC9, treated with pyroptosis inhibitor, incubated with osteoclast, and then subjected to CUT&Tag sequencing.RESULTSOrthodontic force increased the distance of orthodontic tooth movement and the abundance of osteoclast. Transcriptome sequencing identified that Hdac9 was upregulated in the periodontal tissues of OIIRR rats compared to the control. Immunofluorescence revealed that HDAC9 was present in periodontal ligament fibroblasts, with reduced fluorescence of HDAC9 in OIIRR compared to the control. HDAC9 overexpression in hPDLFs induced pyroptosis and promoted osteoclast differentiation. These effects were reversed by pyroptosis inhibitor. CUT&Tag analysis showed that HDAC9 overexpression resulted in an enrichment of deacetylated genes on mitochondrial dysfunction-associated pathways. CUT&Tag-PCR analysis confirmed reduced H3K9ac enrichment on the mitochondrial dysfunction-associated genes VPS13D, AQP1, PEX2, CDK1, and PLEKHA1 after HDAC9 overexpression, and RT-qPCR analysis revealed a corresponding decrease in their respective expression levels. Accordingly, the ROS level was also increased by HDAC9 overexpression.CONCLUSIONHDAC9-mediated histone deacetylation induces mitochondrial dysfunction and pyroptosis in hPDLFs, thereby promoting osteoclast differentiation and OIIRR progression.CLINICAL RELEVANCEThis study reveals the regulatory mechanism of pyroptosis in OIIRR from the perspective of epigenetic modifications, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of OIIRR.

01 May 2025·Current Computer-Aided Drug Design

Exploration of Fingerprints and Data Mining-based Prediction of Some Bioactive Compounds from Allium sativum as Histone Deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) Inhibitors

Article

Author: Das, Totan ; Bhattacharya, Arijit ; Jha, Tarun ; Gayen, Shovanlal

Background:Histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) is an important member of the class IIa family of histone deacetylases. It is well established that over-expression of HDAC9 causes various types of cancers including gastric cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, lymphoblastic leukaemia, etc. The important role of HDAC9 is also recognized in the development of bone, cardiac muscles, and innate immunity. Thus, it will be beneficial to find out the important structural attributes of HDAC9 inhibitors for developing selective HDAC9 inhibitors with higher potency.Methods:The classification QSAR-based methods namely Bayesian classification and recursive partitioning method were applied to a dataset consisting of HADC9 inhibitors. The structural features strongly suggested that sulphur-containing compounds can be a good choice for HDAC9 inhibition. For this reason, these models were applied further to screen some natural compounds from Allium sativum. The screened compounds were further accessed for the ADME properties and docked in the homology-modelled structure of HDAC9 in order to find important amino acids for the interaction. The best-docked compound was considered for molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study.Results:The classification models have identified good and bad fingerprints for HDAC9 inhibition. The screened compounds like ajoene, 1,2 vinyl dithiine, diallyl disulphide and diallyl trisulphide had been identified as compounds having potent HDAC9 inhibitory activity. The results from ADME and molecular docking study of these compounds show the binding interaction inside the active site of the HDAC9. The best-docked compound ajoene shows satisfactory results in terms of different validation parameters of MD simulation study.Conclusion:This in-silico modelling study has identified the natural potential lead (s) from Allium sativum. Specifically, the ajoene with the best in-silico features can be considered for further in-vitro and in-vivo investigation to establish as potential HDAC9 inhibitors.

01 Mar 2025·Bioorganic Chemistry

A promising future for breast cancer therapy with hydroxamic acid-based histone deacetylase inhibitors

Review

Author: Bhar, Sunandita ; Das, Tanima ; Ghosh, Diya ; Chandra, Arpita ; Kar, Kanisha ; Kabi, Bikash

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a critical role in chromatin remodelling and modulating the activity of various histone proteins. Aberrant HDAC functions has been related to the progression of breast cancer (BC), making HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) promising small-molecule therapeutics for its treatment. Hydroxamic acid (HA) is a significant pharmacophore due to its strong metal-chelating ability, HDAC inhibition properties, MMP inhibition abilities, and more. They were found to increase the efficacy of the approved drugs when used in combination. In this review we presented bioinformatic analysis using available data from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression databases, outlined the recent advancements in the application of HA-based HDACi for BC during preclinical investigation and clinical trials, tried to offer the rationale for targeting HDAC in BC with HA-based HDACi, summarised the challenges faced in the successful clinical application of HDACi, and proposed potential strategies to address these challenges, aiming to enhance treatment outcomes in BC. Abbreviations: ABCG2, ATP-binding cassette super-family G member 2; ABC, ATP-binding cassette; ADP, Adenosine diphosphate; APC, Antigen presenting cell; AML, Acute myeloid leukemia; ARH1, Aplysia ras homolog 1; BCRP, Breast cancer resistance protein; BRCA, Breast invasive carcinoma; Bax, B-cell lymphoma associated X; CK5, Cytokeratin 5; CK14, Cytokeratin 14; CK17, Cytokeratin 17; CoRESTMiDAC, Co-repressor for element-1-silencing transcription factor; CRM1, Chromosomal maintenance 1; CTCL, Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; DNMT, DNA methyltransferase; DFS, Disease-free survival; ER, Oestrogen receptor; EMT, Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; FGFR1, Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1; GEPIA, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis; GTEx, Genotype tissue expression; HAT, Histone acetylase; HDAC, Histone deacetylase; HDF, Human dermal fibroblast; HER2, Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; HDLP, Histone deacetylase-like protein; Hsp90, Heat shock protein 90; HSF1, Heat shock factor 1; HeLa, Henrietta Lacks; HER1, Human epidermal growth factor receptor 1; IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer; IL-10, Interleukin-10; KAP1, KRAB associated protein 1; MDM2, Mouse double minute 2 homolog; MDR, Multidrug resistance; MCF-7, Michigan cancer foundation-7; MEF-2, Myocyte enhancer factor-2MMP- Matrix metalloproteinase; NAD, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NuRD, Nucleosome remodelling and deacetylation; NF- κ B, Nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cell; NES, Nuclear export signal; NLS, Nuclear localization signal; NCoR, Nuclear receptor corepressor; NCT, National clinical trial; OS, Overall survival; PR, Progesterone receptor; PI3K, Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PAX3, Paired box gene 3; P-gp, P-glycoprotein; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; SIRT, Sirtuin; SMRT, Silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid receptor; STAT3, Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3; SAR, Structure-activity relationship; SHP1, Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1; SAHA, Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid; SMEDDS, Self micro emulsifying drug delivery system; TNBC, Triple-negative breast cancer; TSA, Trichostatin A; ZBG, Zinc binding group.

News (Medical) associated with HDAC9

10 Jul 2023

·www.prnewswire.com

Acute Ischemic Stroke Therapeutics Market to grow by USD 1,524.49 million from 2022 to 2027|Rising prevalence of disease boosts the market - Technavio

NEW YORK, July 10, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- The global acute ischemic stroke therapeutics market size is estimated to grow by USD 1,524.49 million from 2022 to 2027, according to Technavio. The market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 5.72% during the forecast period. North America will account for 38% of the global market growth. The growth of the market in this region is attributed to factors such as the expected approval of late-stage pipeline molecules, including BIIB093 (intravenous glibenclamide), BRILINTA, MultiStem, and NA-1. In addition, the region is expected to witness the availability of various diagnostics and drugs for the treatment of stroke, which will drive market growth. For more insights on the historic period (2017 to 2021) and forecast market size (2023 to 2027) - Request a sample report Continue Reading Technavio has announced its latest market research report titled Global Acute Ischemic Stroke Therapeutics Market 2023-2027 What's New? Special coverage on the Russia-Ukraine war; global inflation; recovery analysis from COVID-19; supply chain disruptions, global trade tensions; and risk of recession Global competitiveness and key competitor positions Market presence across multiple geographical footprints - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - buy the report! Acute Ischemic Stroke Therapeutics Market - Segmentation Assessment Segment Overview This report extensively covers market segmentation by type (thrombolytics, anticoagulants, antiplatelets, and antihypertensives), distribution channel (Hospital pharmacies, retail pharmacies, and online pharmacies), and geography (North America, Europe, Asia, and Rest of World (ROW)). The thrombolytics segment is estimated to be significant for the global market's growth during the forecast period. One of the factors behind the growth of this segment is the availability of US FDA-approved therapeutic treatments for AIS. For instance, the IV alteplase drug is sold under the brand name Activase. It is a tissue plasminogen activator and is used for multiple indications such as AIS, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and acute massive pulmonary embolism (PE). Insights on the market contribution of various segments, including country and region wise historic data (2017 to 2021), and forecast market size (2023 to 2027) - Download a Sample Report Acute Ischemic Stroke Therapeutics Market – Market Dynamics Key factor driving market growth High-risk factors, such as obesity, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and old age drive the acute ischemic stroke (AIS) therapeutics market growth. It is estimated that one-third of people, who had an untreated transient ischemic attack, suffered a major stroke within a year. Also, according to the World Stroke Organization, currently, 15-16 million people suffer from stroke globally, while 5.8-6 million people die from it. Hence, high-risk factors, such as obesity, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and old age, are the major contributors to the growth of the segment during the forecast period. Leading trends influencing the market TBI, a value-addition in AIS research, is an emerging market trend during the forecast period. It is a complex cardiac disease that requires the integration of various heterogeneous features originating from genotypic, phenotypic, and environmental sources. Also, TBI is a computational technology that focuses on integrating and analyzing data obtained from bioinformatics, biostatics, statistical genetics, and clinical informatics. Furthermore, in AIS, the data element that requires integration refers to the presence or absence of a risk gene (HDAC9, PITX2, ZFHX3, NINJ2, PRKCH, and 9p21) in the genome of each patient (called genotypic data) with that of the clinical element. Hence, such trends boost the market growth. Major challenges hindering the market growth Unmet needs for anticoagulant reversal agents challenge the market growth during the forecast period. Even though anticoagulants play an important role in treating AIS, they are sometimes associated with side effects such as excessive bleeding. Additionally, the antidotes available in the market include vitamin K, protamine, and prothrombin complex concentrates, which reverse the action of warfarin and heparin. Direct thrombin inhibitors or Factor Xa inhibitors, do not have any specific reversal agents. Hence, such challenges impede market growth during the forecast period. Insights on Market Drivers, trends, & Challenges, historic period(2017 to 2021), and forecast period(2023 to 2027)- Request a sample report! What are the key data covered in this Acute Ischemic Stroke Therapeutics Market report? CAGR of the market during the forecast period Detailed information on factors that will drive the growth of the acute ischemic stroke therapeutics market between 2023 and 2027 Precise estimation of the size of the acute ischemic stroke therapeutics market and its contribution to the market with a focus on the parent market Accurate predictions about upcoming trends and changes in consumer behavior Growth of the acute ischemic stroke therapeutics market across North America, Europe, Asia, and Rest of World (ROW) A thorough analysis of the market's competitive landscape and detailed information about vendors Comprehensive analysis of factors that will challenge the growth of acute ischemic stroke therapeutics market vendors Gain instant access to 17,000+ market research reports. Technavio's SUBSCRIPTION platform Related Reports: The gastrointestinal stromal tumors therapeutics market size is expected to increase by USD 1.08 billion from 2021 to 2026, and the market's growth momentum will accelerate at a CAGR of 5.97%. Furthermore, this report extensively covers the gastrointestinal stromal tumors therapeutics market segmentation by route of administration (oral and parenteral) and geography (North America, Europe, Asia, and the Rest of the World (ROW)). The growing geriatric population is one of the key factors driving the gastrointestinal stromal tumors therapeutics (GIST) market growth. The Alzheimer's disease therapeutics market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 8.91% between 2022 and 2027. The size of the market is forecast to increase by USD 4,391.9 million. This report extensively covers market segmentation by drug class (cholinesterase inhibitors, n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, and others), distribution channel (hospital pharmacy, retail pharmacy, and e-commerce pharmacy), and geography (North America, Europe, Asia, and Rest of World). The increasing awareness of Alzheimer's disease is notably driving the market growth. Table of Contents 1 Executive Summary 1.1 Market overview Exhibit 01: Executive Summary – Chart on Market Overview Exhibit 02: Executive Summary – Data Table on Market Overview Exhibit 03: Executive Summary – Chart on Global Market Characteristics Exhibit 04: Executive Summary – Chart on Market by Geography Exhibit 05: Executive Summary – Chart on Market Segmentation by Type Exhibit 06: Executive Summary – Chart on Market Segmentation by Distribution Channel Exhibit 07: Executive Summary – Chart on Incremental Growth Exhibit 08: Executive Summary – Data Table on Incremental Growth Exhibit 09: Executive Summary – Chart on Vendor Market Positioning 2 Market Landscape 2.1 Market ecosystem Exhibit 10: Parent market Exhibit 11: Market Characteristics 3 Market Sizing 3.1 Market definition Exhibit 12: Offerings of vendors included in the market definition 3.2 Market segment analysis Exhibit 13: Market segments 3.3 Market size 2022 3.4 Market outlook: Forecast for 2022-2027 Exhibit 14: Chart on Global - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 15: Data Table on Global - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 16: Chart on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 17: Data Table on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 4 Five Forces Analysis 4.1 Five forces summary Exhibit 18: Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2022 and 2027 4.2 Bargaining power of buyers Exhibit 19: Chart on Bargaining power of buyers – Impact of key factors 2022 and 2027 4.3 Bargaining power of suppliers Exhibit 20: Bargaining power of suppliers – Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027 4.4 Threat of new entrants Exhibit 21: Threat of new entrants – Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027 4.5 Threat of substitutes Exhibit 22: Threat of substitutes – Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027 4.6 Threat of rivalry Exhibit 23: Threat of rivalry – Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027 4.7 Market condition Exhibit 24: Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2022 and 2027 5 Market Segmentation by Type 5.1 Market segments Exhibit 25: Chart on Type - Market share 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 26: Data Table on Type - Market share 2022-2027 (%) 5.2 Comparison by Type Exhibit 27: Chart on Comparison by Type Exhibit 28: Data Table on Comparison by Type 5.3 Thrombolytics - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 29: Chart on Thrombolytics - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 30: Data Table on Thrombolytics - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 31: Chart on Thrombolytics - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 32: Data Table on Thrombolytics - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 5.4 Anticoagulants - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 33: Chart on Anticoagulants - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 34: Data Table on Anticoagulants - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 35: Chart on Anticoagulants - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 36: Data Table on Anticoagulants - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 5.5 Antiplatelets - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 37: Chart on Antiplatelets - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 38: Data Table on Antiplatelets - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 39: Chart on Antiplatelets - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 40: Data Table on Antiplatelets - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 5.6 Antihypertensives - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 41: Chart on Antihypertensives - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 42: Data Table on Antihypertensives - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 43: Chart on Antihypertensives - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 44: Data Table on Antihypertensives - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 5.7 Other therapeutics - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 45: Chart on Other therapeutics - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 46: Data Table on Other therapeutics - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 47: Chart on Other therapeutics - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 48: Data Table on Other therapeutics - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 5.8 Market opportunity by Type Exhibit 49: Market opportunity by Type ($ million) 6 Market Segmentation by Distribution Channel 6.1 Market segments Exhibit 50: Chart on Distribution Channel - Market share 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 51: Data Table on Distribution Channel - Market share 2022-2027 (%) 6.2 Comparison by Distribution Channel Exhibit 52: Chart on Comparison by Distribution Channel Exhibit 53: Data Table on Comparison by Distribution Channel 6.3 Hospital pharmacies - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 54: Chart on Hospital pharmacies - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 55: Data Table on Hospital pharmacies - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 56: Chart on Hospital pharmacies - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 57: Data Table on Hospital pharmacies - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 6.4 Retail pharmacies - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 58: Chart on Retail pharmacies - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 59: Data Table on Retail pharmacies - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 60: Chart on Retail pharmacies - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 61: Data Table on Retail pharmacies - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 6.5 Online pharmacies - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 62: Chart on Online pharmacies - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 63: Data Table on Online pharmacies - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 64: Chart on Online pharmacies - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 65: Data Table on Online pharmacies - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 6.6 Market opportunity by Distribution Channel Exhibit 66: Market opportunity by Distribution Channel ($ million) 7 Customer Landscape 7.1 Customer landscape overview Exhibit 67: Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria 8 Geographic Landscape 8.1 Geographic segmentation Exhibit 68: Chart on Market share by geography 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 69: Data Table on Market share by geography 2022-2027 (%) 8.2 Geographic comparison Exhibit 70: Chart on Geographic comparison Exhibit 71: Data Table on Geographic comparison 8.3 North America - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 72: Chart on North America - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 73: Data Table on North America - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 74: Chart on North America - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 75: Data Table on North America - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 8.4 Europe - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 76: Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 77: Data Table on Europe - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 78: Chart on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 79: Data Table on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 8.5 Asia - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 80: Chart on Asia - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 81: Data Table on Asia - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 82: Chart on Asia - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 83: Data Table on Asia - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 8.6 Rest of World (ROW) - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 84: Chart on Rest of World (ROW) - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 85: Data Table on Rest of World (ROW) - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 86: Chart on Rest of World (ROW) - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 87: Data Table on Rest of World (ROW) - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 8.7 US - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 88: Chart on US - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 89: Data Table on US - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 90: Chart on US - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 91: Data Table on US - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 8.8 UK - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 92: Chart on UK - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 93: Data Table on UK - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 94: Chart on UK - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 95: Data Table on UK - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 8.9 Germany - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 96: Chart on Germany - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 97: Data Table on Germany - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 98: Chart on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 99: Data Table on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 8.10 China - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 100: Chart on China - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 101: Data Table on China - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 102: Chart on China - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 103: Data Table on China - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 8.11 Canada - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 104: Chart on Canada - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 105: Data Table on Canada - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 106: Chart on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 107: Data Table on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 8.12 Market opportunity by geography Exhibit 108: Market opportunity by geography ($ million) 9 Drivers, Challenges, and Trends 9.1 Market drivers 9.2 Market challenges 9.3 Impact of drivers and challenges Exhibit 109: Impact of drivers and challenges in 2022 and 2027 9.4 Market trends 10 Vendor Landscape 10.1 Overview 10.2 Vendor landscape Exhibit 110: Overview on Criticality of inputs and Factors of differentiation 10.3 Landscape disruption Exhibit 111: Overview on factors of disruption 10.4 Industry risks Exhibit 112: Impact of key risks on business 11 Vendor Analysis 11.1 Vendors covered Exhibit 113: Vendors covered 11.2 Market positioning of vendors Exhibit 114: Matrix on vendor position and classification 11.3 Amgen Inc. Exhibit 115: Amgen Inc. - Overview Exhibit 116: Amgen Inc. - Product / Service Exhibit 117: Amgen Inc. - Key offerings 11.4 AstraZeneca Plc Exhibit 118: AstraZeneca Plc - Overview Exhibit 119: AstraZeneca Plc - Product / Service Exhibit 120: AstraZeneca Plc - Key news Exhibit 121: AstraZeneca Plc - Key offerings 11.5 Athersys Inc. Exhibit 122: Athersys Inc. - Overview Exhibit 123: Athersys Inc. - Product / Service Exhibit 124: Athersys Inc. - Key offerings 11.6 Bayer AG Exhibit 125: Bayer AG - Overview Exhibit 126: Bayer AG - Business segments Exhibit 127: Bayer AG - Key offerings Exhibit 128: Bayer AG - Segment focus 11.7 Biogen Inc. Exhibit 129: Biogen Inc. - Overview Exhibit 130: Biogen Inc. - Product / Service Exhibit 131: Biogen Inc. - Key offerings 11.8 Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH Exhibit 132: Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH - Overview Exhibit 133: Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH - Business segments Exhibit 134: Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH - Key news Exhibit 135: Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH - Key offerings Exhibit 136: Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH - Segment focus 11.9 Bristol Myers Squibb Co. Exhibit 137: Bristol Myers Squibb Co. - Overview Exhibit 138: Bristol Myers Squibb Co. - Product / Service Exhibit 139: Bristol Myers Squibb Co. - Key offerings 11.10 Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd. Exhibit 140: Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd. - Overview Exhibit 141: Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd. - Business segments Exhibit 142: Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd. - Key news Exhibit 143: Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd. - Key offerings Exhibit 144: Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd. - Segment focus 11.11 F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd. Exhibit 145: F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd. - Overview Exhibit 146: F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd. - Business segments Exhibit 147: F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd. - Key news Exhibit 148: F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd. - Key offerings Exhibit 149: F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd. - Segment focus 11.12 Johnson and Johnson Exhibit 150: Johnson and Johnson - Overview Exhibit 151: Johnson and Johnson - Business segments Exhibit 152: Johnson and Johnson - Key news Exhibit 153: Johnson and Johnson - Key offerings Exhibit 154: Johnson and Johnson - Segment focus 11.13 Medtronic Plc Exhibit 155: Medtronic Plc - Overview Exhibit 156: Medtronic Plc - Business segments Exhibit 157: Medtronic Plc - Key news Exhibit 158: Medtronic Plc - Key offerings Exhibit 159: Medtronic Plc - Segment focus 11.14 Merck and Co. Inc. Exhibit 160: Merck and Co. Inc. - Overview Exhibit 161: Merck and Co. Inc. - Business segments Exhibit 162: Merck and Co. Inc. - Key news Exhibit 163: Merck and Co. Inc. - Key offerings Exhibit 164: Merck and Co. Inc. - Segment focus 11.15 Pfizer Inc. Exhibit 165: Pfizer Inc. - Overview Exhibit 166: Pfizer Inc. - Product / Service Exhibit 167: Pfizer Inc. - Key news Exhibit 168: Pfizer Inc. - Key offerings 11.16 Sanofi SA Exhibit 169: Sanofi SA - Overview Exhibit 170: Sanofi SA - Business segments Exhibit 171: Sanofi SA - Key news Exhibit 172: Sanofi SA - Key offerings Exhibit 173: Sanofi SA - Segment focus 11.17 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Exhibit 174: Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. - Overview Exhibit 175: Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. - Business segments Exhibit 176: Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. - Key news Exhibit 177: Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. - Key offerings Exhibit 178: Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. - Segment focus 12 Appendix 12.1 Scope of the report 12.2 Inclusions and exclusions checklist Exhibit 179: Inclusions checklist Exhibit 180: Exclusions checklist 12.3 Currency conversion rates for US$ Exhibit 181: Currency conversion rates for US$ 12.4 Research methodology Exhibit 182: Research methodology Exhibit 183: Validation techniques employed for market sizing Exhibit 184: Information sources 12.5 List of abbreviations Exhibit 185: List of abbreviations About Us Technavio is a leading global technology research and advisory company. Their research and analysis focus on emerging market trends and provide actionable insights to help businesses identify market opportunities and develop effective strategies to optimize their market positions. With over 500 specialized analysts, Technavio's report library consists of more than 17,000 reports and counting, covering 800 technologies, spanning 50 countries. Their client base consists of enterprises of all sizes, including more than 100 Fortune 500 companies. This growing client base relies on Technavio's comprehensive coverage, extensive research, and actionable market insights to identify opportunities in existing and potential markets and assess their competitive positions within changing market scenarios. Contact Technavio Research Jesse Maida Media & Marketing Executive US: +1 844 364 1100 UK: +44 203 893 3200 Email: [email protected] Website: SOURCE Technavio

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