Last update 19 Sep 2024

PRKCH

Last update 19 Sep 2024

Basic Info

Synonyms

nPKC-eta, PKC-L, PKCL

+ [5]

Introduction

Calcium-independent, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that is involved in the regulation of cell differentiation in keratinocytes and pre-B cell receptor, mediates regulation of epithelial tight junction integrity and foam cell formation, and is required for glioblastoma proliferation and apoptosis prevention in MCF-7 cells. In keratinocytes, binds and activates the tyrosine kinase FYN, which in turn blocks epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and leads to keratinocyte growth arrest and differentiation. Associates with the cyclin CCNE1-CDK2-CDKN1B complex and inhibits CDK2 kinase activity, leading to RB1 dephosphorylation and thereby G1 arrest in keratinocytes. In association with RALA activates actin depolymerization, which is necessary for keratinocyte differentiation. In the pre-B cell receptor signaling, functions downstream of BLNK by up-regulating IRF4, which in turn activates L chain gene rearrangement. Regulates epithelial tight junctions (TJs) by phosphorylating occludin (OCLN) on threonine residues, which is necessary for the assembly and maintenance of TJs. In association with PLD2 and via TLR4 signaling, is involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RGS2 down-regulation and foam cell formation. Upon PMA stimulation, mediates glioblastoma cell proliferation by activating the mTOR pathway, the PI3K/AKT pathway and the ERK1-dependent phosphorylation of ELK1. Involved in the protection of glioblastoma cells from irradiation-induced apoptosis by preventing caspase-9 activation. In camptothecin-treated MCF-7 cells, regulates NF-kappa-B upstream signaling by activating IKBKB, and confers protection against DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Promotes oncogenic functions of ATF2 in the nucleus while blocking its apoptotic function at mitochondria. Phosphorylates ATF2 which promotes its nuclear retention and transcriptional activity and negatively regulates its mitochondrial localization.

100 Clinical Results associated with PRKCH

100 Translational Medicine associated with PRKCH

0 Patents (Medical) associated with PRKCH

129

Literatures (Medical) associated with PRKCH

01 Aug 2024·Auris Nasus Larynx

Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A review focused on the contribution of vascular pathologies

Review

Author: Wasano, Koichiro ; Tsuzuki, Nobuyoshi

Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) is characterized by abruptly appearing hearing loss, sometimes accompanied by vertigo. Vascular pathologies (e.g., cochlear ischemia, or cochlear infarction) are one of the most likely causes of ISSNHL. This review aims to present current understanding of inner ear anatomy, clinical features of ISSNHL, and its treatment strategies. The labyrinthine artery is the only end artery supplying blood to the inner ear, and it has three branches: the anterior vestibular artery, the main cochlear artery, and the vestibulo-cochlear artery (VCA). Occlusion of the VCA can be caused by a variety of factors. The VCA courses through a narrow bone canal. ISSNHL is usually diagnosed after excluding retrocochlear pathologies of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), such as vestibular schwannoma. Therefore, a head MRI or assessing auditory brainstem responses are recommended for patients with SSNHL. Severe SSNHL patients with high CHADS₂ scores, an index of stroke risk, have a significantly lower rate of vestibular schwannoma than severe SSNHL patients with low CHADS₂ scores, suggesting that severe ISSNHL in individuals at high risk of stroke is caused by vascular impairments. Intralabyrinthine hemorrhage causes SSNHL or vertigo, as in ISSNHL. The diagnosis of intralabyrinthine hemorrhage requires careful interpretation of MRI, and a small percentage of patients diagnosed with ISSNHL may in fact have intralabyrinthine hemorrhage. Many studies have reported an association between ISSNHL and atherosclerosis or cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease), and subsequent risk of stroke in patients with ISSNHL may be elevated compared to controls. Increased hearing level on the healthy ear side, high Framingham risk score, high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, high platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and severe white matter lesions may be poor prognostic factors for patients with ISSNHL. The association between thrombosis-related genes and susceptibility to ISSNHL has been reported in many studies (e.g., coagulation factor 2, coagulation factor 5, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, platelet-associated genes, a homocysteine metabolism-related enzyme gene, endothelin-1, nitric oxide 3, phosphodiesterase 4D, complement factor H, and protein kinase C-eta). Treatment of ISSNHL with the aim of mitigating the vascular impairment in the inner ear includes systemically administered steroids, intratympanic steroid injections, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, prostaglandin E1, defibrinogenation therapy, and hydrogen inhalation therapy, but there is currently no evidence-based treatment for ISSNHL. Breakthroughs in the unequivocal diagnosis and treatment of ISSNHL due to vascular impairment are crucial to improve quality of life.

01 Mar 2024·Journal of Reproductive Immunology

Genome-wide association study in Estonia reveals importance of vaginal epithelium associated genes in case of recurrent vaginitis

Article

Author: Salumets, Andres ; Mändar, Reet ; Mutli, Evelin ; Laisk, Triin ; Team, Estonian Biobank Research ; Koort, Kairi

Recurrent vaginitis is a leading reason for visiting a gynaecologist, with bacterial vaginosis (BV) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) being the most common diagnoses. Reasons and mechanisms behind their recurrent nature are poorly understood. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to find possible genetic risk factors for recurrent vaginitis using data from a large population-based biobank, the Estonian Biobank. The study included 6870 cases (at least two episodes of vaginitis) and 5945 controls (no vaginitis episodes). GWAS approach included single marker and gene-based analyses, followed by functional annotation of associated variants and candidate gene mapping.In single marker analysis, one statistically significant (P = 7.8 × 10^-9) variant rs1036732378 was identified on chromosome 10. The gene-based association analysis identified one gene, KRT6A, that exceeded the recommended significance threshold (P = 2.6 × 10^-6). This is a member of the keratin protein family and is expressed during differentiation in epithelial tissues.Functional mapping and annotation of genetic associations by using adjusted significance level identified 22 potential risk loci that may be associated with recurrent vaginitis phenotype. Comparison of our results with previous studies provided nominal support for LBP (associated with immune response to vaginal bacteria) and PRKCH genes (possible role in keratinocyte differentiation and susceptibility to candidiasis).In conclusion, this study is the first highlighting a potential role of the vaginal epithelium in recurrent vaginitis.

31 Jan 2024·Aging

The integration of multi-omics analysis and machine learning for the identification of prognostic assessment and immunotherapy efficacy through aging-associated genes in lung cancer

Article

Author: Zhou, Yun ; Lu, Wei ; Yang, Wei ; Liu, Qiushi ; Zhu, Tianyi ; Zhao, Ruixuan

BACKGROUNDRecent years revealed key molecules in lung cancer research, yet their exact roles in disease onset and progression remain uncertain. Lung cancer's heterogeneity complicates prognosis prediction. This study integrates pivotal molecules to evaluate patient prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy.METHODSThe WGCNA algorithm identified module genes linked to immunity. The Lasso-Cox method built a prognostic model for outcome prediction. GO and KEGG analyses explored gene pathways. ssGSEA quantified immune cell types and functions. The riskScore predicts the effectiveness of immunotherapy based on its correlation with DNA repair and immune checkpoint genes. Single-cell sequencing examined key gene expression across cell types.RESULTSUsing WGCNA, we identified the MEbrown module related to immunity. Lasso-Cox selected "BLK," "ITGB4," "PRKCH," and "SNAI1" for the prognostic model. MF analysis revealed enriched functions including antigen binding, GTPase regulator activity. In terms of BP, processes like immune signaling and mitotic division were enriched. CC enrichment included immunoglobulin complexes and chromosomal regions. Enriched pathways encompassed Cell cycle, Focal adhesion, Cellular senescence, and p53 signaling. ssGSEA evaluated immune cell abundance. RiskScore correlated with CTLA4 and PD1 through MMR and immune checkpoint analysis. Single-cell analysis indicated gene expression across cell types for BLK, ITGB4, PRKCH, and SNAI1.CONCLUSIONIn summary, our developed prognostic model utilizing age-related genes effectively predicts lung cancer prognosis and the efficacy of immune therapy.

News (Medical) associated with PRKCH

10 Jul 2023

·www.prnewswire.com

Acute Ischemic Stroke Therapeutics Market to grow by USD 1,524.49 million from 2022 to 2027|Rising prevalence of disease boosts the market - Technavio

NEW YORK, July 10, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- The global acute ischemic stroke therapeutics market size is estimated to grow by USD 1,524.49 million from 2022 to 2027, according to Technavio. The market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 5.72% during the forecast period. North America will account for 38% of the global market growth. The growth of the market in this region is attributed to factors such as the expected approval of late-stage pipeline molecules, including BIIB093 (intravenous glibenclamide), BRILINTA, MultiStem, and NA-1. In addition, the region is expected to witness the availability of various diagnostics and drugs for the treatment of stroke, which will drive market growth. For more insights on the historic period (2017 to 2021) and forecast market size (2023 to 2027) - Request a sample report Continue Reading Technavio has announced its latest market research report titled Global Acute Ischemic Stroke Therapeutics Market 2023-2027 What's New? Special coverage on the Russia-Ukraine war; global inflation; recovery analysis from COVID-19; supply chain disruptions, global trade tensions; and risk of recession Global competitiveness and key competitor positions Market presence across multiple geographical footprints - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - buy the report! Acute Ischemic Stroke Therapeutics Market - Segmentation Assessment Segment Overview This report extensively covers market segmentation by type (thrombolytics, anticoagulants, antiplatelets, and antihypertensives), distribution channel (Hospital pharmacies, retail pharmacies, and online pharmacies), and geography (North America, Europe, Asia, and Rest of World (ROW)). The thrombolytics segment is estimated to be significant for the global market's growth during the forecast period. One of the factors behind the growth of this segment is the availability of US FDA-approved therapeutic treatments for AIS. For instance, the IV alteplase drug is sold under the brand name Activase. It is a tissue plasminogen activator and is used for multiple indications such as AIS, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and acute massive pulmonary embolism (PE). Insights on the market contribution of various segments, including country and region wise historic data (2017 to 2021), and forecast market size (2023 to 2027) - Download a Sample Report Acute Ischemic Stroke Therapeutics Market – Market Dynamics Key factor driving market growth High-risk factors, such as obesity, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and old age drive the acute ischemic stroke (AIS) therapeutics market growth. It is estimated that one-third of people, who had an untreated transient ischemic attack, suffered a major stroke within a year. Also, according to the World Stroke Organization, currently, 15-16 million people suffer from stroke globally, while 5.8-6 million people die from it. Hence, high-risk factors, such as obesity, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and old age, are the major contributors to the growth of the segment during the forecast period. Leading trends influencing the market TBI, a value-addition in AIS research, is an emerging market trend during the forecast period. It is a complex cardiac disease that requires the integration of various heterogeneous features originating from genotypic, phenotypic, and environmental sources. Also, TBI is a computational technology that focuses on integrating and analyzing data obtained from bioinformatics, biostatics, statistical genetics, and clinical informatics. Furthermore, in AIS, the data element that requires integration refers to the presence or absence of a risk gene (HDAC9, PITX2, ZFHX3, NINJ2, PRKCH, and 9p21) in the genome of each patient (called genotypic data) with that of the clinical element. Hence, such trends boost the market growth. Major challenges hindering the market growth Unmet needs for anticoagulant reversal agents challenge the market growth during the forecast period. Even though anticoagulants play an important role in treating AIS, they are sometimes associated with side effects such as excessive bleeding. Additionally, the antidotes available in the market include vitamin K, protamine, and prothrombin complex concentrates, which reverse the action of warfarin and heparin. Direct thrombin inhibitors or Factor Xa inhibitors, do not have any specific reversal agents. Hence, such challenges impede market growth during the forecast period. Insights on Market Drivers, trends, & Challenges, historic period(2017 to 2021), and forecast period(2023 to 2027)- Request a sample report! What are the key data covered in this Acute Ischemic Stroke Therapeutics Market report? CAGR of the market during the forecast period Detailed information on factors that will drive the growth of the acute ischemic stroke therapeutics market between 2023 and 2027 Precise estimation of the size of the acute ischemic stroke therapeutics market and its contribution to the market with a focus on the parent market Accurate predictions about upcoming trends and changes in consumer behavior Growth of the acute ischemic stroke therapeutics market across North America, Europe, Asia, and Rest of World (ROW) A thorough analysis of the market's competitive landscape and detailed information about vendors Comprehensive analysis of factors that will challenge the growth of acute ischemic stroke therapeutics market vendors Gain instant access to 17,000+ market research reports. Technavio's SUBSCRIPTION platform Related Reports: The gastrointestinal stromal tumors therapeutics market size is expected to increase by USD 1.08 billion from 2021 to 2026, and the market's growth momentum will accelerate at a CAGR of 5.97%. Furthermore, this report extensively covers the gastrointestinal stromal tumors therapeutics market segmentation by route of administration (oral and parenteral) and geography (North America, Europe, Asia, and the Rest of the World (ROW)). The growing geriatric population is one of the key factors driving the gastrointestinal stromal tumors therapeutics (GIST) market growth. The Alzheimer's disease therapeutics market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 8.91% between 2022 and 2027. The size of the market is forecast to increase by USD 4,391.9 million. This report extensively covers market segmentation by drug class (cholinesterase inhibitors, n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, and others), distribution channel (hospital pharmacy, retail pharmacy, and e-commerce pharmacy), and geography (North America, Europe, Asia, and Rest of World). The increasing awareness of Alzheimer's disease is notably driving the market growth. Table of Contents 1 Executive Summary 1.1 Market overview Exhibit 01: Executive Summary – Chart on Market Overview Exhibit 02: Executive Summary – Data Table on Market Overview Exhibit 03: Executive Summary – Chart on Global Market Characteristics Exhibit 04: Executive Summary – Chart on Market by Geography Exhibit 05: Executive Summary – Chart on Market Segmentation by Type Exhibit 06: Executive Summary – Chart on Market Segmentation by Distribution Channel Exhibit 07: Executive Summary – Chart on Incremental Growth Exhibit 08: Executive Summary – Data Table on Incremental Growth Exhibit 09: Executive Summary – Chart on Vendor Market Positioning 2 Market Landscape 2.1 Market ecosystem Exhibit 10: Parent market Exhibit 11: Market Characteristics 3 Market Sizing 3.1 Market definition Exhibit 12: Offerings of vendors included in the market definition 3.2 Market segment analysis Exhibit 13: Market segments 3.3 Market size 2022 3.4 Market outlook: Forecast for 2022-2027 Exhibit 14: Chart on Global - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 15: Data Table on Global - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 16: Chart on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 17: Data Table on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 4 Five Forces Analysis 4.1 Five forces summary Exhibit 18: Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2022 and 2027 4.2 Bargaining power of buyers Exhibit 19: Chart on Bargaining power of buyers – Impact of key factors 2022 and 2027 4.3 Bargaining power of suppliers Exhibit 20: Bargaining power of suppliers – Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027 4.4 Threat of new entrants Exhibit 21: Threat of new entrants – Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027 4.5 Threat of substitutes Exhibit 22: Threat of substitutes – Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027 4.6 Threat of rivalry Exhibit 23: Threat of rivalry – Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027 4.7 Market condition Exhibit 24: Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2022 and 2027 5 Market Segmentation by Type 5.1 Market segments Exhibit 25: Chart on Type - Market share 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 26: Data Table on Type - Market share 2022-2027 (%) 5.2 Comparison by Type Exhibit 27: Chart on Comparison by Type Exhibit 28: Data Table on Comparison by Type 5.3 Thrombolytics - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 29: Chart on Thrombolytics - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 30: Data Table on Thrombolytics - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 31: Chart on Thrombolytics - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 32: Data Table on Thrombolytics - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 5.4 Anticoagulants - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 33: Chart on Anticoagulants - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 34: Data Table on Anticoagulants - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 35: Chart on Anticoagulants - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 36: Data Table on Anticoagulants - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 5.5 Antiplatelets - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 37: Chart on Antiplatelets - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 38: Data Table on Antiplatelets - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 39: Chart on Antiplatelets - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 40: Data Table on Antiplatelets - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 5.6 Antihypertensives - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 41: Chart on Antihypertensives - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 42: Data Table on Antihypertensives - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 43: Chart on Antihypertensives - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 44: Data Table on Antihypertensives - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 5.7 Other therapeutics - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 45: Chart on Other therapeutics - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 46: Data Table on Other therapeutics - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 47: Chart on Other therapeutics - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 48: Data Table on Other therapeutics - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 5.8 Market opportunity by Type Exhibit 49: Market opportunity by Type ($ million) 6 Market Segmentation by Distribution Channel 6.1 Market segments Exhibit 50: Chart on Distribution Channel - Market share 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 51: Data Table on Distribution Channel - Market share 2022-2027 (%) 6.2 Comparison by Distribution Channel Exhibit 52: Chart on Comparison by Distribution Channel Exhibit 53: Data Table on Comparison by Distribution Channel 6.3 Hospital pharmacies - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 54: Chart on Hospital pharmacies - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 55: Data Table on Hospital pharmacies - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 56: Chart on Hospital pharmacies - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 57: Data Table on Hospital pharmacies - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 6.4 Retail pharmacies - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 58: Chart on Retail pharmacies - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 59: Data Table on Retail pharmacies - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 60: Chart on Retail pharmacies - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 61: Data Table on Retail pharmacies - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 6.5 Online pharmacies - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 62: Chart on Online pharmacies - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 63: Data Table on Online pharmacies - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 64: Chart on Online pharmacies - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 65: Data Table on Online pharmacies - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 6.6 Market opportunity by Distribution Channel Exhibit 66: Market opportunity by Distribution Channel ($ million) 7 Customer Landscape 7.1 Customer landscape overview Exhibit 67: Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria 8 Geographic Landscape 8.1 Geographic segmentation Exhibit 68: Chart on Market share by geography 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 69: Data Table on Market share by geography 2022-2027 (%) 8.2 Geographic comparison Exhibit 70: Chart on Geographic comparison Exhibit 71: Data Table on Geographic comparison 8.3 North America - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 72: Chart on North America - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 73: Data Table on North America - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 74: Chart on North America - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 75: Data Table on North America - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 8.4 Europe - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 76: Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 77: Data Table on Europe - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 78: Chart on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 79: Data Table on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 8.5 Asia - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 80: Chart on Asia - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 81: Data Table on Asia - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 82: Chart on Asia - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 83: Data Table on Asia - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 8.6 Rest of World (ROW) - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 84: Chart on Rest of World (ROW) - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 85: Data Table on Rest of World (ROW) - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 86: Chart on Rest of World (ROW) - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 87: Data Table on Rest of World (ROW) - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 8.7 US - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 88: Chart on US - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 89: Data Table on US - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 90: Chart on US - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 91: Data Table on US - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 8.8 UK - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 92: Chart on UK - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 93: Data Table on UK - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 94: Chart on UK - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 95: Data Table on UK - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 8.9 Germany - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 96: Chart on Germany - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 97: Data Table on Germany - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 98: Chart on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 99: Data Table on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 8.10 China - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 100: Chart on China - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 101: Data Table on China - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 102: Chart on China - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 103: Data Table on China - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 8.11 Canada - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 Exhibit 104: Chart on Canada - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 105: Data Table on Canada - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million) Exhibit 106: Chart on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) Exhibit 107: Data Table on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%) 8.12 Market opportunity by geography Exhibit 108: Market opportunity by geography ($ million) 9 Drivers, Challenges, and Trends 9.1 Market drivers 9.2 Market challenges 9.3 Impact of drivers and challenges Exhibit 109: Impact of drivers and challenges in 2022 and 2027 9.4 Market trends 10 Vendor Landscape 10.1 Overview 10.2 Vendor landscape Exhibit 110: Overview on Criticality of inputs and Factors of differentiation 10.3 Landscape disruption Exhibit 111: Overview on factors of disruption 10.4 Industry risks Exhibit 112: Impact of key risks on business 11 Vendor Analysis 11.1 Vendors covered Exhibit 113: Vendors covered 11.2 Market positioning of vendors Exhibit 114: Matrix on vendor position and classification 11.3 Amgen Inc. Exhibit 115: Amgen Inc. - Overview Exhibit 116: Amgen Inc. - Product / Service Exhibit 117: Amgen Inc. - Key offerings 11.4 AstraZeneca Plc Exhibit 118: AstraZeneca Plc - Overview Exhibit 119: AstraZeneca Plc - Product / Service Exhibit 120: AstraZeneca Plc - Key news Exhibit 121: AstraZeneca Plc - Key offerings 11.5 Athersys Inc. Exhibit 122: Athersys Inc. - Overview Exhibit 123: Athersys Inc. - Product / Service Exhibit 124: Athersys Inc. - Key offerings 11.6 Bayer AG Exhibit 125: Bayer AG - Overview Exhibit 126: Bayer AG - Business segments Exhibit 127: Bayer AG - Key offerings Exhibit 128: Bayer AG - Segment focus 11.7 Biogen Inc. Exhibit 129: Biogen Inc. - Overview Exhibit 130: Biogen Inc. - Product / Service Exhibit 131: Biogen Inc. - Key offerings 11.8 Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH Exhibit 132: Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH - Overview Exhibit 133: Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH - Business segments Exhibit 134: Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH - Key news Exhibit 135: Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH - Key offerings Exhibit 136: Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH - Segment focus 11.9 Bristol Myers Squibb Co. Exhibit 137: Bristol Myers Squibb Co. - Overview Exhibit 138: Bristol Myers Squibb Co. - Product / Service Exhibit 139: Bristol Myers Squibb Co. - Key offerings 11.10 Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd. Exhibit 140: Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd. - Overview Exhibit 141: Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd. - Business segments Exhibit 142: Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd. - Key news Exhibit 143: Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd. - Key offerings Exhibit 144: Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd. - Segment focus 11.11 F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd. Exhibit 145: F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd. - Overview Exhibit 146: F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd. - Business segments Exhibit 147: F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd. - Key news Exhibit 148: F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd. - Key offerings Exhibit 149: F. Hoffmann La Roche Ltd. - Segment focus 11.12 Johnson and Johnson Exhibit 150: Johnson and Johnson - Overview Exhibit 151: Johnson and Johnson - Business segments Exhibit 152: Johnson and Johnson - Key news Exhibit 153: Johnson and Johnson - Key offerings Exhibit 154: Johnson and Johnson - Segment focus 11.13 Medtronic Plc Exhibit 155: Medtronic Plc - Overview Exhibit 156: Medtronic Plc - Business segments Exhibit 157: Medtronic Plc - Key news Exhibit 158: Medtronic Plc - Key offerings Exhibit 159: Medtronic Plc - Segment focus 11.14 Merck and Co. Inc. Exhibit 160: Merck and Co. Inc. - Overview Exhibit 161: Merck and Co. Inc. - Business segments Exhibit 162: Merck and Co. Inc. - Key news Exhibit 163: Merck and Co. Inc. - Key offerings Exhibit 164: Merck and Co. Inc. - Segment focus 11.15 Pfizer Inc. Exhibit 165: Pfizer Inc. - Overview Exhibit 166: Pfizer Inc. - Product / Service Exhibit 167: Pfizer Inc. - Key news Exhibit 168: Pfizer Inc. - Key offerings 11.16 Sanofi SA Exhibit 169: Sanofi SA - Overview Exhibit 170: Sanofi SA - Business segments Exhibit 171: Sanofi SA - Key news Exhibit 172: Sanofi SA - Key offerings Exhibit 173: Sanofi SA - Segment focus 11.17 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Exhibit 174: Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. - Overview Exhibit 175: Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. - Business segments Exhibit 176: Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. - Key news Exhibit 177: Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. - Key offerings Exhibit 178: Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. - Segment focus 12 Appendix 12.1 Scope of the report 12.2 Inclusions and exclusions checklist Exhibit 179: Inclusions checklist Exhibit 180: Exclusions checklist 12.3 Currency conversion rates for US$ Exhibit 181: Currency conversion rates for US$ 12.4 Research methodology Exhibit 182: Research methodology Exhibit 183: Validation techniques employed for market sizing Exhibit 184: Information sources 12.5 List of abbreviations Exhibit 185: List of abbreviations About Us Technavio is a leading global technology research and advisory company. Their research and analysis focus on emerging market trends and provide actionable insights to help businesses identify market opportunities and develop effective strategies to optimize their market positions. With over 500 specialized analysts, Technavio's report library consists of more than 17,000 reports and counting, covering 800 technologies, spanning 50 countries. Their client base consists of enterprises of all sizes, including more than 100 Fortune 500 companies. This growing client base relies on Technavio's comprehensive coverage, extensive research, and actionable market insights to identify opportunities in existing and potential markets and assess their competitive positions within changing market scenarios. Contact Technavio Research Jesse Maida Media & Marketing Executive US: +1 844 364 1100 UK: +44 203 893 3200 Email: [email protected] Website: SOURCE Technavio

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