PTMAP1

Last update 23 Jan 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

Em:AB023049.6, prothymosin alpha pseudogene 1, PTMAP1

Introduction-

100 Clinical Results associated with PTMAP1

100 Translational Medicine associated with PTMAP1

0 Patents (Medical) associated with PTMAP1

Literatures (Medical) associated with PTMAP1

01 Jun 1997·International Journal of Immunopharmacology

Prothymosin α1 effects, in vitro, on the antitumor activity and cytokine production of blood monocytes from colorectal tumor patients

Article

Author: E.D. Kreuser ; Peter Immenschuh ; Frank Garbin ; Klaus Eckert ; H.Rainer Maurer

Recent animal studies demonstrate that prothymosin alpha 1 (ProT alpha) enhances the antitumor response by stimulation of mononuclear phagocyte functions. The present study was aimed at characterizing the in vitro effects by ProT alpha on blood monocytes from human colon cancer patients. Purified peripheral blood monocytes were studied in terms of tumor cytostatic ability and cytokine production after incubation with ProT alpha or interferon (rIFN-gamma) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta), used as reference substances. SW620 colon carcinoma cells were used as tumor target cells in growth inhibition experiments. The level of baseline growth inhibitory activity of unstimulated patient's monocytes was significantly lower than that of normal monocytes. The defective antitumor activity of patient monocytes was associated with a higher production of the inhibitory monokines prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and TGF beta. The stimulation of monocytes by ProT alpha and/or rIFN-gamma elevated the average antitumor activity in all donor groups. The ProT alpha-induced increase was associated with a significantly higher monocytic secretion of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha. Moreover, the concentrations of TGF beta and PGE2 in the culture supernatants decreased significantly, when patient's monocytes were treated with ProT alpha and/or rIFN-gamma. Additionally, ProT alpha enhanced the diminished antitumor activity of TGF beta-treated normal monocytes. These results suggest that ProT alpha selectively regulates distinct functions of blood monocytes, the effect of this cytokine varying with the parameter and donor population examined. These data provide a rational and biological endpoint for further studies with ProT alpha as an activator of mononuclear function in colon cancer.

01 Jul 1995·International Journal of Immunopharmacology

Prothymosin α1 modulates lymphokine-activated killer cell activity and IL-2 production by peripheral blood lymphocytes from melanoma patients in vitro

Article

Author: P. BÜttner ; J. Czarnecki ; F. Garbin ; K. Eckert ; C. Garbe ; H.R. Maurer

The effects of prothymosin alpha 1 (Pro alpha 1) on the natural killer (NK), lymphokine (IL-2)-activated killer (LAK) cell activity and the phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced IL-2 secretion of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes (PBL) from 34 malignant melanoma patients of all clinical stages were studied in vitro. On average, melanoma patients showed lower NK and LAK cell activities than healthy donors. In particular, patients with metastases revealed an impaired NK cell activity. However, individuals showed a broad range of LAK cell sensitivity to Pro alpha 1 depending, among other factors, on the disease stage. LAK cell activities were not correlated to tumour stage. Patients' impaired LAK cell activity could be restored by Pro alpha 1. Only patients at stage II (regional metastases) responded to Pro alpha 1. The IL-2 secretion from PBL melanoma and healthy donors did not differ, Pro alpha 1 administration was without any significant effect. However, stage III (distant metastases) PBL expressed significantly lower IL-2 levels, compared to stage I (primary tumours). The highest IL-2 levels was found to be associated with tumour stage II. Pro alpha 1 enhanced the IL-2 secretion from stage I PBL. Therefore Pro alpha 1 administration abrogated the defective LAK cell activity and IL-2 secretion of PBL, mainly from patients at early melanoma stages.

01 Jun 1992·GenomicsQ3 · BIOLOGY

The human prothymosin α gene family contains several processed pseudogenes lacking deleterious lesions

Q3 · BIOLOGY

Article

Author: Shelby L. Berger ; Richard E. Manrow ; William H. Eschenfeldt ; Alvaro Leone ; Marc S. Krug

The six members of the human prothymosin alpha gene family have been cloned and sequenced. One gene (PTMA) contains introns and appears to be the source of all isolated prothymosin alpha cDNAs. The remaining five genes are processed pseudogenes. Four of them have consensus TATA elements upstream of sequences nearly identical to the transcriptional start region of the intron-containing gene. Those four genes also contain open reading frames coding for proteins closely related to prothymosin alpha. In two of the pseudogenes, PTMAP2 and 5, the encoded proteins differ from the product of the parental gene at only two and four locations, respectively. The fifth pseudogene (PTMAP1) encodes a different protein owing to an upstream translational initiation start site and multiple deletions and insertions. Because the potential for expression exists in this system, a search for pseudogenomic transcripts was undertaken using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify reverse transcripts of mRNAs from many human tissues and bulk DNA from several human cDNA libraries. Evidence for pseudogenomic transcripts was not obtained. Therefore, we conclude that the human prothymosin alpha gene family contains only one functional gene.

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