MKKS

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

Bardet-Biedl syndrome 6 protein, BBS6, McKusick-Kaufman/Bardet-Biedl syndromes putative chaperonin

+ [3]

Introduction

Probable molecular chaperone that assists the folding of proteins upon ATP hydrolysis (PubMed:20080638). Plays a role in the assembly of BBSome, a complex involved in ciliogenesis regulating transports vesicles to the cilia (PubMed:20080638). May play a role in protein processing in limb, cardiac and reproductive system development. May play a role in cytokinesis (PubMed:28753627).

100 Clinical Results associated with MKKS

100 Translational Medicine associated with MKKS

0 Patents (Medical) associated with MKKS

375

Literatures (Medical) associated with MKKS

01 Mar 2025·Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

The role of 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone in insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis regulated by DUOX-ROS immunity in Spodoptera exigua

Article

Author: Gao, Bo ; Zhao, Dan ; Wu, Han ; Xie, Yifan ; Zhang, Lu ; Wang, Yao ; Ji, Yujie ; Guo, Wei ; Shi, Qiuyu

Insect midgut bacteria can be transferred to the blood cavity due to Bt infection and proliferate, becoming pathogens and enhancing Bt insecticidal activity. Dual oxidase (DUOX)-reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathway plays a key role in regulating microbial homeostasis and resisting pathogen infection. However, the functions of MEKK and MKK associated with DUOX-ROS immunity are rarely studied in insects, moreover, the regulatory mechanisms underlying DUOX-ROS immunity via 20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH) are underexplored. In this study, we investigated that Spodoptera exigua MAPK kinase kinase 4 (SeMEKK4) and MAPK kinase 6 (SeMKK6) were required for Sep38β expression, and RNAi-mediated knockdown of SeMEKK4 and SeMKK6 significantly decreased ROS level and increased bacterial load in the midgut of S. exigua larvae, thereby enhancing Bt insecticidal activity. Furthermore, 20E and JH titers were elevated in insects infected with Bt. 20E upregulated the expression of SeMEKK4, SeMKK6, and Sep38β through SeEcR and SeUSP receptors, and activated the expression of SeDUOX to increase ROS level and decrease bacterial load in the midgut, which was not conducive to the enhancement of Bt insecticide activity. JH showed an opposite effect on midgut-related DUOX-ROS immunity via SeMet1 and SeMet2, and it was noteworthy that JH played a dominant role in negatively regulating DUOX-ROS immunity post Bt infection, which enhanced Bt insecticidal activity. This is an adjustment strategy for insects to cope with Bt infection, providing a new perspective for pest management.

02 Dec 2024·Plant Physiology

Calcium-dependent protein kinases 5 and 13 enhance salt tolerance in rice by directly activating OsMPK3/6 kinases

Article

Author: Xue, Li ; Cui, Haitao ; Jiang, Yimin ; Su, Shiqi ; Yu, Shibo ; Wang, Fuxiang ; Zhu, Xiang

AbstractMitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs/MPKs) are pivotal regulators in many stress-signaling pathways in plants. The dual phosphorylation of the TXY motif by MAP kinase kinases (MKKs) is essential for activating MAPKs. Here, we reveal a mechanism for MAPK activation that bypasses the need for MKKs. We identified rice (Oryza sativa) calcium-dependent protein kinase 5 (OsCPK5) and OsCPK13 as positive regulators in salt stress tolerance. These kinases are essential for the full activation of OsMPK3 and OsMPK6 in response to elevated sodium levels, with both OsMPK3 and OsMPK6 also acting as positive regulators in rice salt tolerance. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that OsCPK5/13 directly interact with and activate OsMPK3/6 by phosphorylating the TXY motif in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we have discovered that OsCPK5/13 relocate from the cell membrane to the nucleus in response to salt stress. This process relies on their N-terminal myristoylation and a calcium-dependent phosphorylation event within the N-terminus. Our results elucidate a MAPK activation pathway in rice that is independent of traditional MKK-mediated phosphorylation, highlighting the crucial roles of OsCPK5 and OsCPK13 in directly phosphorylating and activating OsMPK3/6, which are important for rice tolerance to salt stress.

03 Oct 2024·The Plant Cell

Dual roles of the MPK3 and MPK6 mitogen-activated protein kinases in regulating Arabidopsis stomatal development

Article

Author: Qiao, Yujie ; Ma, Panpan ; Li, Bixin ; Wang, Ziling ; Hu, Huiqing ; Qiu, Qin ; Zhang, Mengmeng ; Zhang, Shuqun ; Niu, Dongdong ; Lukowitz, Wolfgang ; Wang, Shiyuan ; Wu, Mengyun

AbstractAn Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade composed of YODA (YDA)-MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 plays an essential role downstream of the ERECTA (ER)/ER-LIKE (ERL) receptor complex in regulating stomatal development in the leaf epidermis. STOMAGEN (STO), a peptide ligand produced in mesophyll cells, competes with EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR2 (EPF2) for binding ER/ERL receptors to promote stomatal formation. In this study, we found that activation of MPK3/MPK6 suppresses STO expression. Using MUTE and STO promoters that confer epidermis- and mesophyll-specific expression, respectively, we generated lines with cell-specific activation and suppression of MPK3/MPK6. The activation or suppression of MPK3/MPK6 in either epidermis or mesophyll cells is sufficient to alter stomatal differentiation. Epistatic analyses demonstrated that STO overexpression can rescue the suppression of stomatal formation conferred by the mesophyll-specific expression of the constitutively active MKK4DD or MKK5DD, but not by the epidermis-specific expression of these constitutively active MKKs. These data suggest that STO is downstream of MPK3/MPK6 in mesophyll cells, but upstream of MPK3/MPK6 in epidermal cells in stomatal development signaling. This function of the MPK3/MPK6 cascade allows it to coordinate plant epidermis development based on its activity in mesophyll cells during leaf development.

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