LXN

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

ECI, Endogenous carboxypeptidase inhibitor, latexin

+ [4]

Introduction

Hardly reversible, non-competitive, and potent inhibitor of CPA1, CPA2 and CPA4. May play a role in inflammation.

100 Clinical Results associated with LXN

100 Translational Medicine associated with LXN

0 Patents (Medical) associated with LXN

149

Literatures (Medical) associated with LXN

01 May 2025·Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

The role of insulin receptor InR in photoperiod-regulated reproductive diapause of Chrysoperla nipponensis

Article

Author: Xu, Yongyu ; Li, Dandan ; Xu, Minghui ; Kabissa, Jeremiah Joe ; Zhong, Shaofeng ; Kang, Zhiwei ; Wang, Xiao ; Chen, Zhenzhen ; Kong, Xue

Insects usually diapause, a process regulated by hormonal signals as an adaptive mechanism developed through long-term evolution to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Chrysoperla nipponensis is classified as a photoperiod-sensitive insect. Treatments with short-day (SD) and long-day (LD) conditions have distinct effects on ovarian development and lipid accumulation in adults, with SD condition inducing diapause. Injecting bovine insulin promoted ovarian development and egg formation in diapause females, while injecting insulin receptor induced diapause-like traits in reproductive females. This study investigate the biological function of insulin signaling in the reproductive diapause of females of C. nipponensis. Under SD treatment the mRNA expression level of InR1 and InR2, as well as the protein expression level of InR1 were significantly reduced. This reduction led to stagnant ovarian development, increased adipose tissue mass, and a significant rise in triglyceride (TG) content. Silencing InR1 under LD conditions resulted in halted ovarian development and enhanced lipid accumulation, with the expression levels of Akt, Kr-h1, and Vg significantly decreased mirroring those observed under SD conditions. Interestingly, silencing InR2 under LD condition did not affect ovarian development. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis identified six genes (Akt, PkN, Skp2, CycB3, BTrC, and AurkA) associated with reproductive regulation and eight genes (FadΔ11, EchA, EcI, Ugts (2A3, 1-9), AR, Gpdh and Cbr) linked to lipid metabolism, all of which are involved in InR1 mediated regulation of C. nipponensis reproduction.

01 May 2025·Molecular Neurobiology

Characterizing Genetic-Predisposed Proteins Involving Insomnia by Integrating Genome-Wide Association Study Summary Statistics

Article

Author: Long, Jiang ; Tang, Xiangdong ; Gu, Xiaojing ; Dou, Meng

Large case-control genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have detected loci associated with insomnia, but how these risk loci confer disease risk remains largely unknown. By integrating brain protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) (N_pQTL1 = 376, N_pQTL2 = 152) and expression QTL (eQTL) (N = 452) datasets, with the latest insomnia GWAS summary statistics (N_case = 109,548, N_Controls = 277440), we conducted proteome/transcriptome-wide association study (PWAS/TWAS) and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, aiming to identify causal proteins involving in the pathogenesis of insomnia. We also explored the bi-directional causality between insomnia and several common diseases. As a result, the altered protein level of 28 genes in the brain was associated with the risk of insomnia in the discovery stage of PWAS, of which 18 genes' associations were replicated in the confirmatory stage of PWAS. Among them, four proteins (2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase (ADO), calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand (CAMLG), islet cell autoantigen 1 like (ICA1L) and latexin (LXN)) were found to be the most likely causal genes for insomnia with validations from TWAS, MR, and colocalization results. Specifically, the higher protein level of ADO, CALMG, and ICA1L was causally associated with a lower risk of insomnia. In comparison, the higher protein level of LXN was causally associated with an increased risk for insomnia. Moreover, genetically predicted insomnia was causally associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and depression. In conclusion, our study identified ADO, CAMLG, ICA1L, and LXN as potentially causal proteins in the pathogenesis of insomnia. This could provide insights into further mechanistic studies and therapeutic development for insomnia.

01 Feb 2025·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

Latexin (LXN) enhances tumor immune surveillance in mice by inhibiting Treg cells through the macrophage exosome pathway

Article

Author: Shu, Wei ; Chen, Xuanming ; Li, Xiuzhen ; Xu, Shaohua ; Song, Jiaqi ; Chen, Ming ; Sun, Xuchen ; Ni, Yuanting ; Wang, Jingzhu

Latexin (LXN) is a secreted protein with a molecular weight of 29 KD, which is considered a tumor suppressor and plays an important role in the inflammatory immune response. LXN is highly expressed in macrophages and regulates macrophage polarity and tumor immune escape, demonstrating excellent clinical potential. However, its mechanism is still unclear. In this study, a macrophage-T cell co-culture system is established to clarify the secretion of macrophage LXN into the extracellular through exosomes. The results indicate that LXN in macrophage-derived exosomes is functional, that is, LXN-enriched exosome inhibits CD4⁺T cell differentiation into Treg cells in vitro and in vivo, and exhibits good tumor suppressive effects. Based on this discovery, a biomimetic nanoparticle loaded with LXN protein (MØ@LXN-NPS) is designed and synthesized. Furthermore, the MØ@LXN-NPS shows excellent performance in both in vivo and in vitro, especially in enhancing tumor immune surveillance by inhibiting Treg cells in tumor microenvironment, thus exhibiting excellent anti-tumor activity. This study provides a demonstration for the transition of biomolecules from functional research to engineering applications. The excellent performance of MØ@LXN-NPS in tumor immune regulation suggests that the engineered biomimetic nanomedicine has good clinical application prospects.

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