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Last update 08 May 2025

RAC3

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

p21-Rac3, Rac family small GTPase 3, RAC3

+ [1]

Introduction

Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound state. In active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses, such as cell spreading and the formation of actin-based protusions including lamellipodia and membrane ruffles. Promotes cell adhesion and spreading on fibrinogen in a CIB1 and alpha-IIb/beta3 integrin-mediated manner.

Drugs associated with RAC3

EHop-016

Target

CDC42 x RAC1 x RAC3 x rac GTP-Binding Proteins

Mechanism

CDC42 inhibitors [+3]

Active Org.-

Originator Org.

University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus

Active Indication-

Inactive Indication

Breast Cancer

Drug Highest PhasePending

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

100 Clinical Results associated with RAC3

100 Translational Medicine associated with RAC3

0 Patents (Medical) associated with RAC3

125

Literatures (Medical) associated with RAC3

01 Apr 2025·MedComm

Integrated Analysis of the Anoikis‐Related Signature Identifies Rac Family Small GTPase 3 as a Novel Tumor‐Promoter Gene in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Article

Author: Wei, Ding ; Shi, Ying ; Chen, Zhi‐Nan ; Shang, Run‐Ze ; Gou, Chu‐Heng ; Zhang, Cong ; Zhang, Ren‐Yu ; Lu, Meng ; Sun, Ying ; Liu, Ze‐Kun ; Wei, Hao‐Lin ; Wu, Dong ; Bian, Huijie ; Wang, Yu‐Tong ; Li, Can

ABSTRACTAnoikis resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells boosts survival and metastasis. This study aimed to establish an anoikis‐related genes (ARGs)‐based model for predicting HCC patients’ outcomes and investigate the clinicopathological significance and function of crucial ARGs. The transcriptional expression patterns for HCC cohorts were compiled from TCGA, GEO and ICGC. Univariate and LASSO multivariate analyses were performed to screen for prognostic ARGs. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function studies, RNA sequencing, and mass spectrometry were employed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of ARGs in HCC. We established a five‐gene ARGs risk model for HCC prognosis, with an AUC value of 0.812 for 1‐year survival. Among the five genes, Rac family small GTPase 3 (RAC3) was upregulated in HCC relative to adjacent normal tissues and negatively correlated to overall survival and disease‐free survival of patients with HCC. Silence of RAC3 in HCC cells resulted in an increased cell apoptosis and diminished cell proliferation and invasion. Mechanistically, we uncovered that RAC3 binding with SOX6 propelled the advancement of HCC cells through NNMT‐mediated stimulation of the cAMP/MAPK/Rap1 signaling. In particular, EHop‐016, a small molecule inhibitor targeting RAC3, significantly suppressed HCC progression.

21 Oct 2024·Journal of Cancer

PPP1R14B as a potential biomarker for the identification of diagnosis and prognosis affecting tumor immunity, proliferation and migration in prostate cancer

Article

Author: Bao, Yizhong ; Chen, Jun ; Zhang, Aokang ; Ni, Yixiu

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a malignancy that affects men and is characterized by metastasis and high rates of morbidity. The objective of this study was to explore novel PCa biomarker with potential diagnostic and therapeutic value and relationships between it and tumor immunity and development. A total of 32 key genes were screened out via LASSO based upon 188 intersection genes obtained from WGCNA and DEGs analysis in GSE32571, and PPP1R14B was further identified by COX regression based on the TCGA database and validated by qRT-PCR. Although it has been reported that PPP1R14B may have a certain correlation with the prognosis of uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma, breast cancer and gastrointestinal cancer, there are none of studies about correlation between PPP1R14B and PCa. Predictive ability analysis showed that PPP1R14B had greatly predictive values in occurrence and prognosis of PCa. Immune analysis revealed that overexpression of PPP1R14B was related to the increase of ALKBH2, UCK2, RAC3 and RAB17 and the decrease of CD40, DKK3, COL17A1 and PGRMC1, which would result in downregulation of plasma cells, upregulation of T regulatory cells and disorder of macrophage proportion to suppress adaptive immune directed against PCa. GSEA analysis showed that PPP1R14B, as an inhibitor of PP1, its overexpression was mainly involved in regulating pathways associated with MYC, E2F, PFN1 and so on, which was participated in the regulation of immune factors such as CD40, RAC3, COL17A, DKK3, as well as biological processes such as proliferation and migration. Patients with higher PPP1R14B expression responded more sensitively to drugs selumetinib and vorinostat, zebularine, azacitidine and VER155008. In summary, PPP1R14B was a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of PCa and its high expression had closely association with tumor immune inhibition, proliferation and migration, providing a new target for drug therapy and immunotherapy in PCa.

01 Sep 2024·Animal Nutrition

Characterization of serum proteomic and inflammatory profiling at early stage of iron deficiency in weaned piglets

Article

Author: Wan, Dan ; Gong, Chengyan ; Yin, Yulong ; Li, Lan ; Dong, Zhenglin ; Liu, Guang ; Tang, Wenjie ; Zhou, Jian ; Liu, Shuan

The objective of this study was to examine the early serum proteomic and inflammatory profiles of weaned piglets subjected to iron deficiency. Twelve healthy piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large Yorkshire, body weight: 4.96 ± 0.05 kg) were weaned at 21 days of age. Subsequently, these animals were randomly allocated to one of two groups, with six replicates in each group (maintaining a male-to-female ratio of 1:1), the control group (administered 100 mg/kg Fe as FeSO₄·H₂O) and L-Fe group (no additional Fe supplementation). The results showed that 42 days after initiating, compared with control group, routine blood analysis revealed a reduction in serum iron content, red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (HGB) content, hematocrit (HCT), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (P < 0.05). Subsequent sample analysis indicated a noteworthy decrease in iron deposition in the liver, spleen, and kidneys of piglets fed the L-Fe diet compared with control group (P < 0.05). However, final body weight, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion ratio, and tissue coefficients were similar between the two groups (P > 0.05). During the early stages of iron deficiency, piglets exhibited increased villus height (VH) and the ratio of VH to crypt depth (CD) in the duodenum (P < 0.05) and increased expression levels of iron transporters, including duodenal cytochrome (Cybrd), divalent metal transport 1 (DMT1), and ferritin light chain (FTL) (P < 0.05). Subsequently, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) were used to identify serum proteins. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the differentially abundant proteins (DAP) revealed that 24 of the 30 DAP were involved in platelet function, immune response, cellular metabolism, transcription, and protein synthesis. Notably, prothrombin, asporin (ASPN), and Rac family small GTPase 3 (RAC3) expression was induced, whereas glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit alpha (GPIbA) expression was decreased. This was accompanied by a substantial reduction in serum complement 3 (C3) and complement 4 (C4) contents (P < 0.05), with elevated the contents of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (P < 0.05). Our findings underscore the essential role of dietary iron supplementation in maintaining iron homeostasis and modulating inflammatory responses in piglets.

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