TBX19

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

dj747L4.1, T-box factor, pituitary, T-box protein 19

+ [4]

Introduction

Transcriptional regulator involved in developmental processes. Can activate POMC gene expression and repress the alpha glycoprotein subunit and thyroid-stimulating hormone beta promoters.

100 Clinical Results associated with TBX19

100 Translational Medicine associated with TBX19

0 Patents (Medical) associated with TBX19

213

Literatures (Medical) associated with TBX19

01 Apr 2025·World Neurosurgery

Clinical and Radiographic Presentation and Surgical Outcomes of T-Box Pituitary Transcription Factor (TPIT) Silent Corticotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Multi-institutional Experience and Review of the Literature

Article

Author: Ruzevick, Jacob ; Peterson, Racheal ; Emerson, Samuel ; Ferreira, Manuel ; Failor, R Alan ; Weaver, Kathryn ; Gonzalez-Cuyar, Luis ; DeSantis, Anthony ; Hanks, Thomas ; Briggs, Robert G ; Zada, Gabriel ; Pathak, Asha ; Eaton, Jessica ; Garrett, Norman E ; Tyrtova, Evgeniya ; Cote, David J ; Fixman, Ben ; Raub, Spencer ; Nistal, Dominic ; Wisse, Brent

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study is to characterize the incidence, aggressiveness, and clinical outcomes of silent TPIT+ PitNETs, as well as treatment strategies in the event of recurrence/progression. We also review the current literature surrounding TPIT+ silent corticotrophs.METHODSAn institutional review board-approved retrospective study of prospectively acquired patients undergoing resection of PitNETs at the University of Washington and University of Southern California between 2011 and 2023 was performed. A prospectively maintained Research Electronic Data Capture database at each institution was queried for patients with tumors immunostaining positive for TPIT and included for study regardless of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) status. Exclusion criteria included patients with biochemically confirmed Cushing disease. Patient demographics, preoperative radiographic findings, and surgical outcomes were documented. Descriptive statistics were reported for the patient cohort and recurrence/progression free survival analysis was measured and visualized using Kaplan-Meier and Swimmer plots.RESULTSA total of 1475 patients underwent surgical resection of PitNET with a total of 107 TPIT-immunoreactive tumors. Of these, 37 (34.6%) patients were diagnosed with Cushing disease preoperatively and were excluded from the analysis, leaving 70 (65.4%) patients with TPIT+ silent corticotroph PitNETs. A total of 56 (80%) tumors were only TPIT+, while 14 (20%) stained positive for multiple transcription factors including steroidogenic factor-1, pituitary-specific positive transcription factor 1, or both. The cohort consisted of 45 (64.3%) ACTH+ tumors and 25 (35.7%) ACTH tumors. There were 19 (27.1%) men and 51 (72.9%) women, with mean age 51.3 years. Radiographically, growth beyond the sella into the suprasellar space 54 (77.1%), cavernous sinus 41 (51.4%), and clival/sphenoid 12 (17.1%) compartments was common. A total of 67 (95.7%) of cases were treated via an endoscopic endonasal approach. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 47 (70.1%) of cases. Of those undergoing GTR, two (4.3%) experienced tumor recurrence. Of those undergoing subtotal resection, four (20%) experienced tumor progression (P = 0.06). The median recurrence/progression free survival of TPIT+ tumors was 51.3 months. When stratified by extent of resection, median recurrence free survival was 38.3 months for GTR versus median progression free survival of 51.3 months for subtotal resection (P = 0.88).CONCLUSIONSWith the addition of TPIT staining, the diagnosis of silent corticotroph PitNETs increased substantially versus those defined by ACTH immunostaining alone. Regardless of hormone status, these tumors continue to exhibit high rates of extrasellar growth and high rates of recurrence/progression.

01 Apr 2025·Acta Radiologica

Multiple microcysts and clivus invasion diagnose T-box pituitary transcription factor 19 lineage adenomas in non-functioning pituitary adenomas

Article

Author: Zhao, Xuening ; Yuan, Mengyuan ; Chen, Lingxu ; Wang, Sihui ; Sun, Shengjun ; Wang, Xiaochen

BackgroundPreoperative identification of T-box pituitary transcription factor 19 (TPIT) lineage silent adenomas in non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) is important.PurposeTo compare the clinical, laboratory, and radiological features of the three cell lineages of adenomas in NFPAs and evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of multiple microcysts and clivus invasion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for TPIT lineage adenomas in NFPAs.Material and MethodsA total of 405 patients with NFPA were retrospectively enrolled, including steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) lineage adenomas (n = 204), TPIT lineage adenomas (n = 111), and pituitary transcription factor 1 (PIT-1) lineage adenomas (n = 90). The clinical, laboratory, and radiological features of the three lineages adenomas were compared. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of multiple microcysts, clivus invasion, and their combination were calculated to diagnose TPIT lineage adenomas in NFPAs.Results Among the three lineages of NFPAs, patients with SF-1 lineage were older than those with TPIT and PIT-1 lineages ( P < 0.001). TPIT lineage adenomas were most common in women ( P < 0.001) and had the highest tumor volume ( P < 0.001), and incidence of clivus invasion ( P < 0.001). The multiple microcysts and clivus invasion in the diagnosis of TPIT lineage adenomas in NFPAs had high specificity (88.44% vs. 98.64%) and accuracy (77.28%). ConclusionThe MRI findings of multiple microcysts and clivus invasion can help diagnose TPIT lineage adenomas in NFPAs with high specificity.

01 Apr 2025·Clinical Neuropathology

Synchronous pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs)/adenomas of triple SF1/PIT1/TPIT cell lineages with multiple hormone expression

Article

Author: Kiefer, Florian W. ; Hainfellner, Johannes A. ; Quinot, Valérie ; Herta, Johannes ; Stiglbauer-Tscholakoff, Alexander

Synchronous multiple pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs)/adenomas are rare tumors of the anterior pituitary that are characterized by the expression of more than one pituitary transcription factor. Here, we describe and discuss an unusual case of synchronous multiple PitNETs/adenomas of triple SF1/PIT1/TPIT cell lineages. Clinical case presentation was that of a pituitary macroadenoma in a 69-year-old male patient suffering from visual impairment and high prolactin levels. Radiology featured a large, 3 × 2.5 × 3.5 cm suprasellar mass with a biphasic growth pattern. Transsphenoidal resection showed varying macroscopic appearances between anterior and posterior aspects of the tumor, which was confirmed on histology. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated varying expression of steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) and T-box transcription factor (TPIT) in the anterior part of the tumor, while the posterior aspect of the tumor showed predominant expression of pituitary transcription factor 1 (PIT1). Immunofluorescence showed no colocalization of the different transcription factors in individual tumor cells. Hormone expression comprised FSH and α-subunit (in the SF1-positive components), prolactin (in the PIT1-positive components), and ACTH (in the TPIT-positive components). 6-months post-operative follow-up under treatment with cabergoline led further tumor mass reduction and significant decrease in prolactin levels. In sum, our case study expands existing data on synchronous PitNETs/adenomas of triple SF1/PIT1/TPIT cell lineages, and underscores the importance of comprehensive clinicopathological data assessment and synoptic interpretation. Further, we address so-far published literature on multilineage PitNETs, and suggest that existing pathophysiological knowledge would argue to interpret the findings in our case as synchronous PitNETs / adenomas of different cell lineages with multiple hormone expression.

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TBX19

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