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Last update 08 May 2025

SRF

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

MCM1, serum response factor, SRF

Introduction

SRF is a transcription factor that binds to the serum response element (SRE), a short sequence of dyad symmetry located 300 bp to the 5' of the site of transcription initiation of some genes (such as FOS). Together with MRTFA transcription coactivator, controls expression of genes regulating the cytoskeleton during development, morphogenesis and cell migration. The SRF-MRTFA complex activity responds to Rho GTPase-induced changes in cellular globular actin (G-actin) concentration, thereby coupling cytoskeletal gene expression to cytoskeletal dynamics. Required for cardiac differentiation and maturation.

Drugs associated with SRF

CCG-203971

Target

MRTFA x SRF

Mechanism

MRTFA inhibitors [+1]

Active Org.

Genesis Biosciences LLC

Originator Org.

Genesis Biosciences LLC

Active Indication

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Inactive Indication

Glaucoma, Open-Angle

Drug Highest PhasePreclinical

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

CCG-232964

Target

MRTFB x RP4 x SRF

Mechanism

MRTFB inhibitors [+2]

Active Org.-

Originator Org.

University of Michigan

Active Indication-

Inactive Indication

Scleroderma, Systemic

Drug Highest PhasePending

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

100 Clinical Results associated with SRF

100 Translational Medicine associated with SRF

0 Patents (Medical) associated with SRF

3,296

Literatures (Medical) associated with SRF

01 Jun 2025·Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces

Carbon nanoparticles-Fe(II) complex combined with sorafenib for ferroptosis-induced antitumor effects in triple-negative breast cancer

Article

Author: Yang, Jinmei ; Zeng, Cheng ; Zhao, Yufeng ; Yang, Sheng-Tao ; Tang, Xiaohai ; Zeng, Guangfu ; Xie, Ping ; Tang, Kexin ; Wu, Xian ; Yuan, Huahui ; Qu, Ting ; Xin, Qian ; Huang, Yuanfang

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that lacks the expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, whose systemic treatment options are currently limited to chemotherapy. Carbon nanoparticles-Fe(II) complex (CNSI-Fe) is a promising antitumor drug that induces ferroptosis to kill tumor cells efficiently. In this study, we combined CNSI-Fe and a ferroptosis inducer sorafenib (SRF) to achieve the efficient chemotherapy of TNBC. CNSI-Fe could adsorb SRF by hydrophobic interaction and π-π stacking with a maximum adsorption capacity of 31 mg/g. During the in vitro assays, CNSI-Fe+SRF combination inhibited the cell viability of 4T1 cells much more efficiently than CNSI-Fe or SRF alone. The high Fe uptake, hydroxyl radical generation and oxidative damages verified the ferroptosis of 4T1 cells upon the CNSI-Fe+SRF treatment. During the in vivo evaluations, SRF enhanced the therapeutic effect of CNSI-Fe as indicated by the higher tumor growth inhibition rate of 67.8 % and the higher survival rate. CNSI captured SRF in tumor to give a 6 mg/kg uptake, which lowered the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) level and enhanced the hydroxyl radical production of 4T1 tumor. In addition, CNSI-Fe treatment up-regulated the genes associated with antioxidative responses, but the up-regulation was offset by SRF. CNSI-Fe+SRF group showed similar toxicity to mice as SRF alone in the biosafety evaluations. Our results collectively indicated that the combination of CNSI-Fe and SRF could efficiently treat TNBC through ferroptosis.

01 Jun 2025·Musculoskeletal Science and Practice

Reporting and incorporation of social risks in low back pain and exercise studies: A scoping review

Review

Author: Fredhoff, Brandon ; Bernstetter, Andrew ; Brown, Nicole H ; Cook, Chad ; Rhon, Daniel I

BACKGROUNDExercise is a common intervention for low back pain, but its effect sizes are small to modest. Social risk factors significantly influence health outcomes, yet their consideration in randomized controlled trials on exercise for low back pain is often neglected. Determining their relationship to outcomes may provide better insight into exercise effectiveness.OBJECTIVESTo assess the reporting of social risk factors (SRFs) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise interventions for low back pain (LBP) in adults and explore associations between SRFs and outcomes.DESIGNScoping Review.METHODSThe databases MEDLINE, CINAHL and Cochrane were searched for studies published between January 2014 to March 2025. RCTs were included if exercise was the primary intervention for LBP treatment and had a minimum follow-up of 12 weeks. A planned analysis of SRF and outcome associations was not conducted due to insufficient data.RESULTSA total of 10,292 studies were identified and 157 studies included. Fewer than half (47.1 %) reported any SRFs at baseline. Socioeconomic position (42.7 %) was most frequently reported, followed by social relationships (17.8 %), race/ethnicity/cultural context (8.3 %), residential/community context (1.3 %), and gender (0.6 %). Four studies incorporated SRFs in their outcome analyses; one examined associations with outcomes and found no significant association.CONCLUSIONSRFs are underreported in RCTs of exercise interventions for LBP and are rarely analyzed in relation to primary outcomes, limiting our understanding of their impact. Future trials should prioritize collecting and reporting SRFs at baseline and incorporating them in outcome analyses to assess their influence on outcomes.

01 May 2025·Modern Pathology

Pediatric-type Myoid Neoplasms of Somatic Soft Tissue: A Clinicopathological and Molecular Genetic Study of 78 Tumors, Highlighting Indolent Clinical Behavior and Frequent SRF Gene Rearrangements

Article

Author: Alston, Erin L J ; Sabbagh, Mark ; Church, Alanna J ; Folpe, Andrew L ; Rowsey, Ross ; Hofich, Christopher D ; Bakker, Andrea C ; Gliem, Troy ; Papke, David J ; Al-Ibraheemi, Alyaa ; Thangaiah, Judith Jebastin

Soft tissue tumors with smooth muscle differentiation are rare in pediatric patients. Despite often showing morphologic features sufficient for classification as "leiomyosarcoma" in adults (eg, high cellularity and mitotic activity), clinical follow-up has shown only indolent behavior. The pathological features of recently reported SRF-rearranged "cellular myofibromas/myopericytomas," typically occurring in children, overlap with those of true smooth muscle tumors. We studied a large series of pediatric tumors with morphologic and immunohistochemical evidence of smooth muscle differentiation, with the goals of better understanding their natural history and molecular genetic features. Seventy-eight tumors were identified in 45 males and 33 females, with a median age of 10 years. Clinical follow-up (50 patients; median, 45.5 months) disclosed local recurrence in 7 patients (15%). No metastases or deaths because of disease occurred. Group 1 (73/78) tumors consisted of cellular fascicles of mildly to at most moderately atypical, bland, ovoid to spindled cells with distinctly eosinophilic cytoplasm, appreciable mitotic activity (median, 5/50 high-power fields), and no necrosis. Group 2 tumors (5/78) showed greater cellularity, significant nuclear pleomorphism, and brisk mitotic activity (median, 59/50 high-power fields). Subsets of group 1 tumors harbored SRF rearrangements (16/47), and all group 2 tumors showed TP53 biallelic inactivation (5/5). SRF fusion partners included CITED1, NCOA2, C3orf62, RELA, ARGFXP1, ARNTI2, ICA1L, and unknown (n = 1). We conclude that the prognosis for pediatric tumors with smooth muscle differentiation that fall into group 1 is excellent. SRF rearrangements are present in a significant minority of tumors, typically showing features of smooth muscle rather than myopericytic differentiation. A smaller subset with more worrisome morphologic features harbor biallelic inactivation of TP53. To emphasize their unique features, we propose the term "pediatric-type myoid neoplasms of somatic soft tissue" rather than simply "leiomyoma" or "leiomyosarcoma" for group 1 tumors, and the designation of leiomyosarcoma in children should be limited to group 2 tumors.

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