AICDA

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

activation induced cytidine deaminase, Activation-induced cytidine deaminase, AICDA

+ [6]

Introduction

Single-stranded DNA-specific cytidine deaminase. Involved in somatic hypermutation (SHM), gene conversion, and class-switch recombination (CSR) in B-lymphocytes by deaminating C to U during transcription of Ig-variable (V) and Ig-switch (S) region DNA. Required for several crucial steps of B-cell terminal differentiation necessary for efficient antibody responses (PubMed:18722174, PubMed:21385873, PubMed:21518874, PubMed:27716525). May also play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression by participating in DNA demethylation (PubMed:21496894).

100 Clinical Results associated with AICDA

100 Translational Medicine associated with AICDA

0 Patents (Medical) associated with AICDA

2,700

Literatures (Medical) associated with AICDA

01 Jun 2025·STAR Protocols

Oligo-seq protocol for mapping DNA motifs targeted by base editors

Article

Author: Buisson, Rémi ; Ortega, Pedro ; Sanchez, Ambrocio ; Seldin, Marcus

Determining which DNA sequences are preferentially targeted by base editors is critical for understanding how APOBECs, AID, and other CRISPR-Cas9 base editors edit DNA in cells or improve their editing efficiency. We have developed Oligo-seq, an in vitro sequencing-based method to identify the preferred sequence motifs targeted by these enzymes. This assay monitors DNA deaminase activity on DNA oligonucleotides containing random nucleotides and/or DNA structures and determines by sequencing which sequences are preferentially deaminated. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Sanchez et al.¹.

01 May 2025·Poultry Science

16S rRNA and transcriptome analysis revealed the regulatory mechanism of Romboutsia lituseburensis on serum immunoglobulin levels in geese

Article

Author: Ouyang, Qingyuan ; Lin, Yueyue ; Hu, Shenqiang ; He, Zhiyu ; Li, Liang ; Liu, Tanze ; He, Hua ; Wang, Shangmin ; Wang, Jiwen ; Zhang, Xi ; Liu, Hehe ; Guo, Mengge

Romboutsia is a dominant genus in the goose intestine. Recent studies have suggested that Romboutsia lituseburensis might regulate serum immunoglobulin levels in female geese, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we administered Romboutsia lituseburensis (R. lituseburensis) orally to female geese, leading to successful colonization of the ileum. Subsequent analysis showed that the levels of IgM, IgA, and IgG in the serum significantly decreased after colonization (P < 0.01). 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that R. lituseburensis significantly altered the microbial composition and increased the relative abundance of Jeotgalicoccus (P < 0.01), Turicibacter, and Bacillus (P < 0.05) in the ileum. Transcriptome sequencing further identified 263 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the ileum (146 upregulated, 117 downregulated) and 725 DEGs in the spleen (300 upregulated, 425 downregulated). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were enriched in 17 pathways in the ileum and 21 pathways in the spleen. Notably, the "Intestinal immune network for IgA production" pathway was significantly enriched in the spleen (P < 0.05). Further, Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis grouped the DEGs in these 2 tissues into 49 clusters, with clusters 27 and 29 showing the highest significance and similar expression patterns. Pathway analysis confirmed that the "Intestinal immune network for IgA production" pathway was enriched in both clusters. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of these 2 clusters, along with correlation analysis between microbiota abundance and gene expression, highlighted KEL, SERPING1, CALR, and OSTN as key hub genes. Overall, R. lituseburensis significantly increased the abundance of Jeotgalicoccus, Turicibacter, and Bacillus in the ileum. Concurrently, it might downregulate the "Intestinal immune network for IgA production" pathway in the spleen (CCR9, TNFRSF13B, AICDA) via KEL, SERPING1, CALR, and OSTN, thereby contributing to the reduction of serum immunoglobulin levels. These findings offer new insights into how R. lituseburensis influences immune function in female geese and provide a theoretical basis for further research into its other physiological roles in geese.

01 Apr 2025·World Allergy Organization Journal

Apolipoprotein A-I mediates function of follicular regulatory T cells and type 2 follicular helper T in allergic rhinitis

Article

Author: Li, Jinyuan ; Zeng, Yinhui ; Zeng, Qingxiang ; Qiu, Xiangqian ; Liu, Wenlong ; Luo, Xi

BackgroundThe follicular regulatory T cells (Tfr) and type 2 follicular helper T (Tfh2) play important roles in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR). However, its detailed mechanism underlying the regulation of between Tfr and Tfh in AR is unclear. Apolipoprotein AI (Apo-AI), a well-established anti-inflammatory protein, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects on neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, and type 2 innate lymphoid cells. We sought to investigate the interaction and mechanism between Apo-AI and Tfr/Tfh2 in AR.MethodsThe peripheral Tfh2 and Tfr cells were detected and compared by flow cytometry and their correlation with serum Apo-AI protein expression were analyzed. The effect of Apo-AI on Tfh2 and Tfr cells were determined through detection of functional cytokines and key transcription factors by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELSIA) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A Tfr-Tfh2-B cell coculture system was adopted to investigate the role of Apo-AI. Apo-AI knockout AR mice model was established to verify the results of in vitro studies.ResultsThe serum Apo-AI concentration was positively correlated with the blood frequencies of Tfr cells and negatively correlated with the blood frequencies of Tfh2 cells in AR patients. Apo-AI inhibited IL-4 and IL-21 protein expression by Tfh2 and promoted IL-10 and TGF-beta protein expression by Tfr. In Tfr-Tfh2-B cell coculture system, Apo-AI attenuated the expression of IL-4, IL-21 and activation-induced cytidine deaminase through inducible costimulator (ICOS)/inducible costimulator ligand (ICOSL) pathways. Apo-AI partially restored the suppressive function of AR-derived Tfr cells. Apo-AI knockout AR mice presented with elevated blood Tfh2 frequencies and decreased blood Tfr frequencies, while administration of anti-ICOSL reversed the effect of Apo-AI.ConclusionApo-AI alleviates AR through the regulation of the function of Tfh2 and Tfr, which may serve as a potential treatment target for AR.

News (Medical) associated with AICDA

14 Feb 2005

·www.biospace.com

Poor Cell Memory Is Key To Cancer

A family of enzymes may trigger cancer by sabotaging cell memory, research suggests. Every time a cell divides, it has to remember which of its genes are switched on or off at the time. If that memory is impaired, this can disrupt the proper development of cells and trigger cancer. Scientists at Cancer Research UK and Cambridge's Babraham Institute have shown certain enzymes can alter this genetic memory. Evidence of this interference was present in a large proportion of tumours - strongly implicating the enzymes in the development of cancer. Retaining the memory of which genes are switched on and which are switched off when a cell divides is called epigenetics. Often genes are switched off by a change to the structure of its component DNA - a process known as methylation. The researchers discovered that AID, an enzyme involved in the formation of the immune system, can also alter methylation in DNA. This could leave cells with inaccurate memories - and lead to cancer.

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