What are the side effects of Leflunomide?

Leflunomide is a medication commonly prescribed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. Like any medication, it comes with its share of potential side effects, which can vary in severity from mild to serious. It is crucial for patients and healthcare providers to be aware of these side effects to manage them effectively and to make informed decisions about treatment options.

One of the most common side effects of Leflunomide is gastrointestinal discomfort, which may include symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain. These symptoms can often be managed by adjusting the dosage or taking the medication with food. However, persistent gastrointestinal issues should be reported to a healthcare provider.

Leflunomide can also affect the liver. Elevated liver enzymes are a relatively common side effect, and in rare cases, severe liver damage can occur. Patients taking Leflunomide usually undergo regular blood tests to monitor liver function. Signs of liver problems may include yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), dark urine, or severe fatigue. Immediate medical attention is required if any of these symptoms develop.

Another notable side effect is the suppression of the immune system. Leflunomide can lower the number of white blood cells, making patients more susceptible to infections. Regular blood tests are typically conducted to monitor white blood cell counts. Patients should be vigilant for signs of infection, such as fever, sore throat, or unusual fatigue, and seek medical advice promptly if these occur.

Skin reactions are also reported with Leflunomide use. These can range from mild rashes to more severe conditions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome, a rare but life-threatening skin disorder. Any new or worsening skin issues should be evaluated by a healthcare provider immediately.

Respiratory issues, such as interstitial lung disease, though rare, are serious side effects of Leflunomide. Symptoms may include a persistent cough, shortness of breath, or difficulty breathing. Patients experiencing these symptoms should seek medical attention without delay, as respiratory complications can be severe and require immediate intervention.

Leflunomide can also cause hypertension (high blood pressure). Regular monitoring of blood pressure is advised, and adjustments in medication or lifestyle may be necessary to manage this side effect.

Other side effects may include hair loss or thinning, weight loss, and headaches. These are generally less severe but can still impact a patient's quality of life. Patients should discuss any bothersome symptoms with their healthcare provider to determine the best course of action.

In summary, while Leflunomide can be an effective treatment for autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, it is associated with a variety of potential side effects. Regular monitoring and communication with healthcare providers are essential to manage these side effects and to ensure the safe use of the medication. Patients should always report any new or worsening symptoms to their healthcare provider to address potential issues promptly and effectively.