What are the side effects of Levomepromazine?

Levomepromazine, also known by its brand name Nozinan, is an antipsychotic medication commonly used in the treatment of severe mental disorders such as schizophrenia, as well as for pain relief and sedation in certain medical conditions. Like all medications, Levomepromazine comes with potential side effects that users should be aware of. Understanding these side effects can help patients and healthcare providers manage and mitigate potential risks.

One of the most common side effects of Levomepromazine is drowsiness or sedation. This is often why the drug is also used as a sedative in some situations. While this can be beneficial for patients needing rest, it can be a hindrance for those needing to stay alert, affecting their daily activities and overall quality of life.

Another frequently reported side effect is dry mouth. This occurs because Levomepromazine can reduce saliva production. While dry mouth might seem like a minor inconvenience, it can lead to more serious dental issues if not managed properly, including increased risk of tooth decay and gum disease.

Patients taking Levomepromazine may also experience weight gain. This side effect is common with many antipsychotic medications and can be troubling for patients concerned about their physical health and appearance. Weight gain can also increase the risk of developing diabetes and other metabolic conditions.

Constipation is another side effect that some patients encounter. This can be particularly uncomfortable and may require patients to adjust their diet or use laxatives under medical supervision to manage the condition.

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia, can also occur with Levomepromazine use. These symptoms stem from the drug’s effects on the brain's dopamine pathways, which control movement. Although these symptoms are less common with Levomepromazine compared to other antipsychotics, they can still be a significant concern for some patients.

Orthostatic hypotension, or a sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing, is another potential side effect. This can cause dizziness, lightheadedness, and even fainting, posing a risk of falls and injuries, especially in elderly patients.

Less commonly, Levomepromazine can cause serious side effects such as agranulocytosis, a condition where the white blood cell count drops dangerously low, making patients more susceptible to infections. Symptoms of agranulocytosis include fever, sore throat, and other signs of infection. Regular blood tests are often recommended to monitor this condition.

Cardiovascular effects, such as QT prolongation, can also occur. This is a serious condition that affects the heart's rhythm and can lead to potentially life-threatening arrhythmias. Patients with preexisting heart conditions or those taking other medications that affect the heart's rhythm should be closely monitored.

Photosensitivity is another side effect, making patients more susceptible to sunburn. It is advisable for patients on Levomepromazine to wear protective clothing and use sunscreen if they need to spend time outdoors.

In rare cases, patients may experience neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), a life-threatening condition characterized by high fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic dysfunction. NMS requires immediate medical attention.

Other side effects of Levomepromazine may include blurred vision, urinary retention, and sexual dysfunction. Each patient’s experience with the drug can vary, and not all patients will experience these side effects.

In summary, while Levomepromazine can be highly effective in treating certain mental health conditions and providing sedation, it is important for patients and healthcare providers to be aware of the potential side effects. Regular monitoring and open communication with a healthcare provider can help manage these side effects and ensure the safe and effective use of Levomepromazine.