What are the side effects of Mosunetuzumab?

Mosunetuzumab is a monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of certain types of blood cancers, specifically non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It works by targeting and binding to specific proteins on the surface of cancer cells, thereby helping the body's immune system to identify and destroy these malignant cells. Like any medical treatment, Mosunetuzumab can have side effects, some of which can be serious. Understanding these potential side effects is crucial for patients and healthcare providers.

One of the most common side effects of Mosunetuzumab is cytokine release syndrome (CRS). CRS occurs when the immune system releases a large amount of inflammatory molecules called cytokines, leading to a wide range of symptoms. These can include fever, fatigue, headache, muscle and joint pain, nausea, and in more severe cases, low blood pressure and difficulty breathing. The severity of CRS can vary, and it is essential for healthcare providers to monitor patients closely during treatment for any signs of this condition.

Neutropenia is another significant side effect associated with Mosunetuzumab. Neutropenia is a condition characterized by a low count of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell that plays a critical role in fighting infections. Patients with neutropenia are at a higher risk of bacterial and fungal infections. Regular blood tests are typically conducted to monitor blood cell counts, and patients may need to take additional medications to help prevent infections.

Patients may also experience infusion-related reactions (IRRs) during or shortly after the administration of Mosunetuzumab. Symptoms of IRRs can include fever, chills, rash, low blood pressure, and shortness of breath. These reactions are generally managed by slowing the infusion rate and administering medications like antihistamines, corticosteroids, or acetaminophen to alleviate symptoms.

Fatigue is another commonly reported side effect of Mosunetuzumab. This can range from mild tiredness to severe exhaustion, impacting daily activities and overall quality of life. Patients are advised to rest adequately and consult their healthcare provider for strategies to manage fatigue.

Gastrointestinal issues, such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea, can also occur during treatment with Mosunetuzumab. These symptoms can often be managed with dietary changes, hydration, and medications prescribed by healthcare providers to alleviate discomfort.

Another potential side effect is liver enzyme elevation. This condition is identified through blood tests and indicates that the liver is under stress or being damaged. While it may not always cause symptoms, elevated liver enzymes require monitoring and, in some cases, may necessitate adjustments to the patient's treatment regimen.

Additionally, some patients may experience neurological side effects, including headaches, dizziness, or confusion. Severe neurological conditions like encephalopathy, characterized by altered mental status, may also occur but are less common. Prompt reporting of any neurological symptoms to a healthcare provider is essential for appropriate management.

Skin reactions, such as rash or itching, are also possible side effects. These are typically mild but can be bothersome. Topical treatments or oral medications may be prescribed to relieve skin-related symptoms.

In summary, while Mosunetuzumab offers a promising treatment option for certain blood cancers, it comes with a range of potential side effects. Patients undergoing treatment should be closely monitored by their healthcare team to manage and mitigate these side effects effectively. Regular communication between the patient and healthcare provider is vital to address any concerns and ensure the best possible outcome from the treatment.