What are the side effects of Sarilumab?

Sarilumab, marketed under the brand name Kevzara, is a medication primarily used to treat moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis in adults who have not responded well to other treatments. As with any medication, it is crucial to be aware of the potential side effects, which can range from mild to severe. Understanding these side effects helps in making informed decisions about its use and in managing any adverse reactions effectively.

Common side effects of Sarilumab include injection site reactions, which can manifest as redness, itching, or swelling where the medication was administered. These reactions are generally mild and tend to resolve on their own without needing medical intervention. Headaches are another common side effect reported by patients using Sarilumab. While typically mild, they can be bothersome and may require over-the-counter pain relievers for management.

Respiratory tract infections, such as common colds or the flu, are also commonly reported. Patients may experience symptoms like cough, sore throat, and nasal congestion. These infections are usually mild but monitoring and appropriate medical treatment are recommended to avoid complications.

Gastrointestinal issues, including nausea and abdominal pain, are among the side effects some patients experience. These symptoms are generally transient but can be uncomfortable. In some cases, patients may experience changes in liver function tests. Regular blood tests are recommended to monitor liver function and ensure that the medication is not causing harm to the liver.

Patients should also be aware of the risk of serious infections. Sarilumab can suppress the immune system, making it easier for infections to take hold. These can range from bacterial infections, like tuberculosis, to fungal and viral infections. Any signs of infection, such as fever, chills, persistent cough, or unusual fatigue, should be reported to a healthcare provider immediately.

In rare cases, Sarilumab can cause severe allergic reactions. Symptoms of a severe allergic reaction include difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, and severe rash. If any of these symptoms occur, it is critical to seek emergency medical attention.

Another serious but less common side effect is the potential for gastrointestinal perforation, which is a hole that forms through the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms of this condition include severe abdominal pain, fever, and changes in bowel habits. This condition requires immediate medical attention.

Changes in blood cell counts are another potential side effect. Sarilumab can cause a decrease in white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Regular blood tests are necessary to monitor these levels and ensure they remain within a safe range. Symptoms of low blood cell counts can include increased susceptibility to infections, fatigue, and easy bruising or bleeding.

Patients with pre-existing conditions, such as liver disease, diverticulitis, or chronic infections, should discuss these with their healthcare provider before starting Sarilumab to ensure the medication is safe for them. Additionally, patients should inform their healthcare provider of any other medications they are taking, as Sarilumab can interact with other treatments.

In summary, while Sarilumab is effective in managing symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, it comes with a range of potential side effects. Common side effects include injection site reactions, headaches, respiratory infections, gastrointestinal issues, and changes in liver function tests. More serious but less common side effects include severe infections, allergic reactions, gastrointestinal perforations, and changes in blood cell counts. Regular monitoring and open communication with a healthcare provider can help manage these side effects and ensure the safe use of Sarilumab.