What is Deoxycholic Acid used for?

Deoxycholic acid, also known by its trade name Kybella in the United States and Belkyra in Canada, is a fascinating compound with a growing reputation in the field of aesthetic medicine. Originally researched and developed by Kythera Biopharmaceuticals, now part of Allergan, deoxycholic acid has made significant strides in non-surgical cosmetic treatments, particularly in the area of fat reduction. This bile acid, which is naturally produced by the body, is primarily indicated for the reduction of moderate to severe submental fat, commonly referred to as a "double chin." Since its FDA approval in 2015, deoxycholic acid has been a game-changer for individuals seeking a more defined jawline without the need for invasive surgery. Research institutions around the globe continue to explore its potential applications, making it a hot topic in both clinical and aesthetic dermatology.

Deoxycholic Acid Mechanism of Action

Understanding the mechanism of action of deoxycholic acid requires delving into its biological role. Deoxycholic acid is a secondary bile acid, meaning it is formed by bacterial action in the intestines from primary bile acids that are synthesized in the liver. Its primary function in the digestive system is to emulsify fats, facilitating their breakdown and absorption. When used as an injectable treatment for submental fat, deoxycholic acid mimics this natural process on a localized level.

Once deoxycholic acid is injected into the subcutaneous fat, it disrupts the cell membrane of adipocytes (fat cells), leading to cell lysis and subsequent cell death. The released cellular contents are then metabolized and naturally eliminated by the body's lymphatic and circulatory systems. This localized destruction of fat cells results in a noticeable reduction in the volume of submental fat, creating a more contoured and aesthetically pleasing chin and jawline. One of the unique benefits of deoxycholic acid is that once the fat cells are destroyed, they are not expected to regenerate, offering long-lasting results for the patient.

How to Use Deoxycholic Acid

Administering deoxycholic acid requires a healthcare professional skilled in facial anatomy and injection techniques. The treatment involves a series of injections directly into the submental fat. Typically, the procedure is performed in an outpatient setting and does not require anesthesia, although a topical numbing cream or ice pack may be used to minimize discomfort.

The number of injections and the total amount of deoxycholic acid administered per session depend on the extent of the patient's submental fat and their aesthetic goals. On average, patients undergo two to four treatment sessions, spaced about six to eight weeks apart, to achieve optimal results. Each session lasts approximately 15 to 20 minutes, making it a convenient option for those with busy schedules.

The onset of results varies among individuals, with some patients noticing a reduction in submental fat as early as four to six weeks after the initial treatment. Full results are typically evident a few weeks after the final treatment session. The gradual nature of the fat reduction allows for a more natural transformation, which can be appealing to those who prefer subtle changes over time.

What is Deoxycholic Acid Side Effects

While deoxycholic acid is generally well-tolerated, it is not without side effects. The most common side effects are localized to the injection site and include swelling, bruising, pain, numbness, redness, and areas of hardness. These side effects are usually mild to moderate in severity and resolve on their own within a few days to weeks.

More serious but rare side effects include difficulty swallowing, nerve injury in the jaw resulting in an uneven smile or facial muscle weakness, and tissue necrosis if the injection is improperly administered. Therefore, it is crucial that deoxycholic acid injections are performed by a qualified healthcare professional who is trained in the procedure.

Contraindications for deoxycholic acid include a history of hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components, the presence of an infection in the treatment area, and certain medical conditions such as pregnancy or breastfeeding. Patients with bleeding disorders or those taking anticoagulants should use caution and discuss their medical history with their healthcare provider before undergoing treatment.

What Other Drugs Will Affect Deoxycholic Acid

Deoxycholic acid does not have many known drug interactions, but it is still important to disclose all medications and supplements to your healthcare provider before starting treatment. Since the treatment involves injections, there is a potential risk of increased bruising or bleeding, particularly in patients taking anticoagulants, NSAIDs, or other medications that affect blood clotting. Additionally, corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive agents could potentially impact the healing process post-injection.

In conclusion, deoxycholic acid represents a significant advancement in the field of non-surgical fat reduction. Its ability to selectively target and destroy fat cells offers a unique and effective solution for individuals seeking to improve their appearance without undergoing invasive procedures. As ongoing research continues to explore its full potential, deoxycholic acid is poised to remain a valuable tool in aesthetic medicine for years to come.