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Last update 08 May 2025

Goiter, Endemic

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

Endemic Goiter, Endemic Goiters, Endemic goiter

+ [47]

Introduction

A form of IODINE deficiency disorders characterized by an enlargement of the THYROID GLAND in a significantly large fraction of a POPULATION GROUP. Endemic goiter is common in mountainous and iodine-deficient areas of the world where the DIET contains insufficient amount of iodine.

Drugs associated with Goiter, Endemic

Potassium Iodide

Target-

Mechanism-

Active Org.

ANBEX INC [+1]

Originator Org.

Meda Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Active Indication

Goiter, Endemic

Inactive Indication

Graves Disease

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.

United States

First Approval Date09 Nov 1979

Clinical Trials associated with Goiter, Endemic

CTRI/2024/02/062922

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 2/3IIT

Comparative Study of Analgesic Efficacy of Preoperative Bilateral Superficial Cervical Plexus Block with that of Simple Wound Infiltration with Bupivacaine Dexamethasone Mixture for Thyroidectomies - A Prospective Blinded Study - nil

Start Date26 Feb 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator-

CTRI/2024/01/061472

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 4IIT

Comparison of Pain Relief Between Dexmedetomidine and Dexamethasone as Adjuvants to Ropivacaine in Ultrasound Guided Adductor Canal Block in Unilateral Total Knee Replacement. - nil

Start Date20 Jan 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator-

CTRI/2019/07/020105

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 2

Comparison of effect of dexmedetomidine with bupivacaine versus plain bupivacaine in ultrasound guided bilateral superficial cervical plexus block for patients undergoing thyroid surgeries -a randomised double blind study

Start Date20 Jul 2019

Sponsor / Collaborator

Kanyakumari Government Medical College

100 Clinical Results associated with Goiter, Endemic

100 Translational Medicine associated with Goiter, Endemic

0 Patents (Medical) associated with Goiter, Endemic

2,525

Literatures (Medical) associated with Goiter, Endemic

01 Dec 2024·The Journal of Nutrition

A History of the Elimination of Iodine Deficiency Disorders in the Americas: A Dramatic Achievement and Lessons Learned

Review

Author: Pretell, Eduardo A ; Pearce, Elizabeth N

Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which regulate cell metabolism, growth, and development. Although iodine deficiency (ID) causes adverse health effects across the lifespan, it is particularly problematic in pregnancy, when it can lead to irreversible fetal brain damage. A high prevalence of severe ID, manifesting as endemic goiter and cretinism, predated the arrival of European explorers in the Americas. Early 20th century surveys showed that most countries in the Western Hemisphere had regions with a goiter prevalence >50%. In North America, the introduction of iodized salt led to the elimination of ID by the 1950s. Although most Latin American countries passed laws mandating salt iodization in the 1950s-1960s, initial programs met with limited success because laws were unenforced, monitoring was absent, and the importance of iodine nutrition was inadequately communicated. A renewed interest in ID prevention arose in the 1970s-1980s, when 3 Andean countries were the first in Latin America to implement effective salt iodization programs. Over the last 3 decades there has been a stronger political commitment to ID prevention across the region, alignment with the broader nutrition and development agenda, and a widespread recognition of optimal iodine nutrition as a fundamental human right. Currently, 92% of households in Latin America consume adequately iodized salt, and urinary iodine concentrations in schoolchildren reflect optimal iodine nutrition across the region. However, additional work remains. It is essential to ensure ongoing government commitment; to monitor population iodine status and the production, quality, and household consumption of iodized salt; and to maintain advocacy and communication strategies. Universal salt iodization programs must be harmonized with efforts to reduce salt intake for cardiovascular disease prevention. Ensuring optimal iodine nutrition in pregnant women, who may remain deficient even when intakes in schoolchildren are optimized, requires particular attention.

01 Aug 2024·Data in Brief

Dataset of iodine concentration in soils and grassland vegetation and radioactive contamination of pastures of the regions of the Russian Federation affected by the Chernobyl NPP accident

Article

Author: Baranchukov, Vladimir ; Berezkin, Victor ; Kolmykova, Liudmila

Iodine is a trace element with an important role in human health. Iodine deficiency is a global health problem that can provoke iodine-deficiency-related thyroid disorders, such as endemic goitre, hypothyroidism, thyroid cancer, etc. Study of iodine in the soils and vegetation was conducted from 2008 to 2022 in the Bryansk and Oryol regions of Russia. These regions are known to exhibit natural iodine deficiency and have been affected by radioactive contamination following the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Soil and grassland vegetation samples were collected from local pastures near rural settlements. The soil core was divided into layers at the following depths: 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm. The iodine content in all selected samples was determined in the GEOKHI RAS using the kinetic rhodanide-nitrite method. The information in the dataset could be used to assess the iodine deficiency in the environment of other regions situated on similar soils.

01 May 2024·Clinical Endocrinology

Use of thyroid hormones in hypothyroid and euthyroid patients: A survey of members of the Endocrine Society of Australia

Article

Author: Hegedüs, Laszlo ; Brown, Suzanne J ; Walsh, John P ; Attanasio, Roberto ; Lafontaine, Nicole ; Nagy, Endre V ; Perros, Petros ; Papini, Enrico

AbstractObjectiveHypothyroidism is a common endocrine condition usually managed with levothyroxine (LT4). However, controversy remains around the use of liothyronine (LT3). We aimed to investigate the practices of Australian endocrinologists when managing patients with hypothyroidism, their use of LT3 + LT4 combination therapy and use of thyroid hormones in euthyroid patients.Design and ParticipantsMembers of the Endocrine Society of Australia (ESA) were invited to participate in an online questionnaire.MeasurementsWe analysed questionnaires that had complete demographic data.ResultsEighty‐seven questionnaires fulfilled the criteria. LT4 was used as first line treatment for hypothyroidism by all respondents. Only 45% reported that their patients were dispensed the brand of LT4 that they recommend. LT3 (alone or in combination) was prescribed by 44% in their clinical practice. Although 49% of respondents would consider LT3 + LT4 in patients with normal TSH who had ongoing symptoms of hypothyroidism, the inability of LT4 to restore normal physiology was ranked the least likely explanation for persistent symptoms and only 32% would consider it for themselves if they were diagnosed with hypothyroidism. The majority (55%), in accordance with evidence, would not prescribe thyroid hormone to euthyroid individuals but 39% would consider use in euthyroid female infertility with high levels of thyroid antibodies and 11% in euthyroid patients with a simple goitre growing over time. LT4 use in pregnancy was variable among members.ConclusionsAustralian endocrinologists mostly follow international guidelines when prescribing thyroid hormone therapy and many prescribe combination LT3 and LT4 therapy, particularly for patients who remain symptomatic on LT4 monotherapy. Prescribing practices are largely similar to other countries who have completed similar questionnaires.

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