Last update 01 Nov 2024

Acute pharyngitis

Last update 01 Nov 2024

Basic Info

Synonyms

Acute Pharyngitis, Acute pharyngitis, Acute pharyngitis (disorder)

+ [12]

Introduction

An acute and painful inflammatory process that affects the pharynx. It is usually caused by viruses and less often bacteria. Signs and symptoms include discomfort on swallowing, low-grade fever, headache, and earache.

Drugs associated with Acute pharyngitis

LanQin Oral Liquid

Target-

Mechanism-

Active Org.

Yangzijiang Pharmaceutical Group Jiangsu Longfengtang Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd. [+1]

Originator Org.

Jiangsu Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.

Active Indication

Pharyngitis [+1]

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.

First Approval Date27 Apr 2020

Sitafloxacin Hydrate

Target

Bacterial DNA gyrase x Topoisomerase IV

Mechanism

Bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitors [+1]

Active Org.

Gaorui Yaoye (Beijing) Technologies Co Ltd [+5]

Originator Org.

Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.

Active Indication

Infectious Diseases [+10]

Inactive Indication

Acute Bronchitis [+10]

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.

First Approval Date25 Jan 2008

Meloxicam

Target

COX-1 x COX-2

Mechanism

COX-1 inhibitors [+1]

Active Org.

Avondale Pharmaceuticals LLC [+9]

Originator Org.

Cali Biosciences Co. Ltd. [+1]

Active Indication

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis [+10]

Inactive Indication

Abdominal Pain [+8]

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.

First Approval Date01 Jan 1998

168

Clinical Trials associated with Acute pharyngitis

CTRI/2024/09/074021 / Not yet recruitingPhase 2/3IIT

Comparative Clinical Study of Katphaladi Ghanvati and Tablet Azithromycin in the management of Galgrah Vyadhi(Acute Pharyngitis) - NIL

Start Date01 Oct 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator-

CTRI/2024/05/067260 / Not yet recruitingNot ApplicableIIT

A Comparative clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of Pippalyadikshar Gutika and Khadiradi Vati in management of Galagraha with reference to acute pharyngitis. - NIL

Start Date15 Jul 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator-

CTRI/2024/06/069414 / Not yet recruitingPhase 3IIT

A prospective study on the homoeopathic management of acute pharyngitis based on Boenninghausens totality. - NIL

Start Date05 Jul 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator-

100 Clinical Results associated with Acute pharyngitis

100 Translational Medicine associated with Acute pharyngitis

0 Patents (Medical) associated with Acute pharyngitis

813

Literatures (Medical) associated with Acute pharyngitis

01 Feb 2025·Current Pediatric Reviews

Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcal Pharyngitis: An Updated Review

Review

Author: Leong, Kin F. ; Hon, Kam L. ; Barankin, Benjamin ; Lam, Joseph M. ; Leung, Alexander K.C.

Background:Group A ß-hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS) is the leading bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis in children and adolescents worldwide.Objective:This article aims to familiarize clinicians with the clinical manifestations, evaluation, diagnosis, and management of GABHS pharyngitis.Methods:A search was conducted in December 2022 in PubMed Clinical Queries using the key term “group A β-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis”. This review covers mainly literature published in the previous ten years.Results:Children with GABHS pharyngitis typically present with an abrupt onset of fever, intense pain in the throat, pain on swallowing, an inflamed pharynx, enlarged and erythematous tonsils, a red and swollen uvula, enlarged tender anterior cervical lymph nodes. As clinical manifestations may not be specific, even experienced clinicians may have difficulties diagnosing GABHS pharyngitis solely based on epidemiologic or clinical grounds alone. Patients suspected of having GABHS pharyngitis should be confirmed by microbiologic testing (e.g., culture, rapid antigen detection test, molecular point-of-care test) of a throat swab specimen prior to the initiation of antimicrobial therapy. Microbiologic testing is generally unnecessary in patients with pharyngitis whose clinical and epidemiologic findings do not suggest GABHS. Clinical score systems such as the Centor score and McIssac score have been developed to help clinicians decide which patients should undergo diagnostic testing and reduce the unnecessary use of antimicrobials. Antimicrobial therapy should be initiated without delay once the diagnosis is confirmed. Oral penicillin V and amoxicillin remain the drugs of choice. For patients who have a non-anaphylactic allergy to penicillin, oral cephalosporin is an acceptable alternative. For patients with a history of immediate, anaphylactic-type hypersensitivity to penicillin, oral clindamycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin are acceptable alternatives.Conclusion:Early diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment are recommended to prevent suppurative complications (e.g., cervical lymphadenitis, peritonsillar abscess) and non-suppurative complications (particularly rheumatic fever) as well as to reduce the severity of symptoms, to shorten the du-ration of the illness and to reduce disease transmission.

01 Jan 2025·Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Potential active fractions and constituents in the flowers of Trollius chinensis Bunge responsible for treating acute pharyngitis

Article

Author: Li, Qingqing ; Liu, Jicheng ; Hong, Yu ; Ma, Yukun ; Sun, Yu ; Ma, Tiancheng ; Liang, Yajie ; Chen, Xiaoting

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCETrollius chinensis Bunge has a long history of use in China as traditional Chinese medicine and functional tea for the treatment of respiratory infections, such as pharyngitis, tonsillitis and bronchitis. Pharyngitis can impact the entire throat and adjacent lymphoid tissues, and may lead to significant systemic complications. However, the active components and mechanism of Trollius chinensis Bunge for treating acute pharyngitis remains unclear.AIM OF THE STUDYTrollius chinensis Bunge is recognized in China both as a medicinal herb and a functional tea. Research into its properties aimed to establish its effectiveness against pharyngitis and to pinpoint the active components and mechanism.MATERIALS AND METHODSA 70% ethanol extract from the herb was prepared, which was refined using chromatography through a column containing D101 macroporous resin and varying ethanol solutions. The efficacy of the initial and refined extracts was tested using a rat model of ammonia-induced acute pharyngitis. Pathological examination, HE staining and ELISA were applied to screen activity fraction. The compounds were isolated by silica gel, sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC chromatography from active fraction. All of the isolated compounds were assessed for anti-inflammatory activity by acting on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in vitro. Cytotoxicity of compounds was detected by CCK-8 assay. The Griess reaction was applied to evaluate the inhibitory effects of isolated compounds on NO production in RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS. TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and PGE₂ levels in macrophage supernatant were detected by ELISA. Molecular docking and western blot analysis were applied to study the anti-inflammatory mechanism of active compound.RESULTSThe fraction extracted with 30% ethanol proved particularly effective, significantly reducing pharyngitis symptoms. This was evidenced by decreased levels of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and PGE₂) and visible improvements in the pharyngeal tissue histology. In pursuit of pharyngitis treatments, 23 phenolic acids and 13 flavonoids were isolated from the 30% ethanol fraction and identified using spectral analysis. Of these, three were newly discovered compounds and eight were first-time isolates from the Trollius genus. These compounds were further investigated for their ability to suppress nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells triggered by lipopolysaccharide. Compounds 3, 19, and 26 exhibited strong anti-inflammatory properties. HPLC analysis of the 30% ethanol fraction revealed that orientin was the predominant component, accounting for 44.4% of this fraction. Western blot analysis demonstrated that orientin reduced the expression levels of the protein p-p65 relative to p65, p-IκBα relative to IκBα and iNOS, indicating an anti-inflammatory effect potentially through the modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.CONCLUSIONThe finding of this study provided strong support for the use of T. chinensis as a potential functional food for treating pharyngitis.

01 Jan 2025·Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Treatment of acute pharyngitis in rats with season tea decoctions from traditional Chinese medicine through a synergistic and subtle regulation of ARNTL and BHLHE40

Article

Author: Song, Xinbo ; Miao, Lin ; Yan, Huimin ; Suo, Tongchuan ; Liu, Yang ; Zhao, Wei ; Zhu, Junjie ; Lu, Jia

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCEWhile the seasonal variations in the human immune function and many infectious diseases are well-known, to develop therapeutic strategies regarding such seasonality is quite challenging. However, some traditional medical practices have already taken the seasonality into account, such as the "Season Tea" (ST) decoctions investigated in the present study.AIM OF THE STUDYWe present a study of the ST decoctions from traditional Chinese medicine, which include four formulae designed for the four seasons, aiming to investigate their pharmacological commonality and distinction.MATERIALS AND METHODSA rat model of acute pharyngitis was utilized for the pharmacological study, and the effects of the ST decoctions were evaluated through histology, biomedical assays, microarray analysis, real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot.RESULTSThe experimental data show that all of the four ST formulae display good pharmaceutical effects on acute pharyngitis, and circadian rhythm appears to be a significant pathway for investigating their pharmacological commonality and distinction. Specifically, while all of the four ST decoctions can regulate the circadian-rhythm-related genes ARNTL and BHLHE40, the regulation is along different directions with the modification of the supplements and the substrates in each ST formula.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate the correlation between the acute pharyngitis and circadian rhythm, and illustrate the possibility of synergistically and subtly regulating ARNTL and BHLHE40, which is significant for relevant drug development.

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Acute pharyngitis

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